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Chapter 7 study guide Grade 6, Daily Life in Athens
1. Athens A democratic city state in ancient Greece that was head of the Delian League.
2. Agoras: A public market and meeting place to sell items and discuss ideas.
3. Vendors: A person that sells goods at the agoras.
4. Private life Homes were made from mud bricks built around a courtyard away from the street. They
ate simply including bread, cheese, olives, fish, vegetables, fruit, and cakes sweetened with honey
5. Women of Athens: Women spent their days in the house secluded from society and could not vote.
6. Slavery: 33% of the population of Athens were slaves and were owned by someone else.
7. Lives of slaves: They had no political rights, nor citizenship. They had a chance to buy their freedom
or be freed by their owner. They made it possible for Athenians to participate in government rather
than the farm.
8. Sparta A militaristic city state in southern Greece led by a totalitarian leader.
9. Helots: Slaves owned by the Spartans to produce food so that all Spartans can participate in the
military.
10. Spartan attitudes: They looked down on non-Spartans, wealth and traders. They were known for
their skill and bravery rather than the arts.
11. Cyrus the Great: Founded the Persian empire mid 500 B.C., seen as a hero in the bible.
12. Battle at Marathon: In 490 B.C., Persians attacked the Athenians at Marathon and the Athenians
won.
13. Delian League: The alliance of Greeks created to defend against the Persians. The Athenians were
the most dominant in this Greek alliance of city states, and after the Persian wars ended, they began
bullying other Greek city states which led up to the Peloponnesian wars.
14. Peloponnesian War: A war between Sparta and Athens and their allies that lasted 27 years. The
Spartans won.
15. Plague: Athenians retreated to their walls during the Peloponnesian war, and because of the
overcrowded conditions, 33% of Athenians died due to diseases called a plague.
16. Blockade: Spartans blockaded the Athenians to isolate them and cut off their supply by surrounding
them and cutting off all movement.
17. Barbarians: The ancient Greeks thought that non-Greeks were barbarians, or wild, uncivilized
people.
18. King Philip: He became the king of Macedonia in 359 B.C. and expanded their territories, but then he
was assassinated after he conquers Greece.
19. Assassinated: King Philip was murdered for political reasons by a rival.
20. Alexander the Great: After the assassination of his father, he became king at age 20 and within 11
years he would conquer Persia, Egypt, and parts of India.
21. Hellenistic: Promoting Greek history and culture after the death of Alexander the Great.
Essay Questions: Write as much as you know
1. What were some of the advancements in mathematics and science in Alexandria? Identify
the names of the inventors and their inventions.
A Mathematician named Euclid in 300 B.C. developed geometry which is still used today. Scientists such
as Eratosthenes who calculated almost the exact distance around the Earth as 24,662,000 miles (the real
distance is 24,900,000). Archimedes discovered pulleys and levers to lift very heavy objects, one story
suggested he was able to lift up a loaded ship.
2. How did Alexander the Great gain power? How did he manage his empire?
After his father’s death, he became the King of Macedonian Greece. He was well trained in warfare, and
after he conquered a new territory, he would elect a native from that area to rule for him, or establish
good diplomatic relationships with the newly conquered territories.
3. What is the Delian League and how did it start the Peloponnesian wars?
The Delian League was established to protect Greeks from the invading Persians. After the Persians were
defeated, the Athenians became the most dominant in this league and began to bully other city states.
In order to combat Athenian aggression, the Spartans created the Peloponnesian League named after
Peloponnesus, the land that Sparta was settled on and eventually would declare war on the more
influential Athenian democratic city state.
4. Compare and contrast the differences between the Athenians and the Spartans.
The Athenians were the first democratic civilization where they were governed by the people and they
would have to vote on decisions as a collective. They also were expected to participate in government.
The Spartans were a totalitarian military regime where everyone had to join the military by age 7, and
graduate by age 18. Everyone lived only for the city state and individual life did not matter.