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A Short History of Greek Warfare Round 1: Greeks vs. Persians • 500 BC – Persians ran most of the known World • Culture Clash!?!? • Cyrus the Great (540 BC) took advantage of disunited Greece • Ionia (present day Turkey) was under Persian Rule • Athenians couldn’t accept this and encouraged to rebel!!!! • Darius the Great invaded Greece in 490 BC • Athenians defeated him at Marathon • Spartans were skipped out for a religious festival Round 2: Greeks vs. Persians • • • • • Athens and the rest of Greece got off easy Darius’s son, Xerxes was not as polite 250,000 men from the Persian empire 10,000 “immortals” Floating bridge across the Hellespont – – – – First one destroyed; engineers beheaded Next, two bridges consisting of 300 bound ships Hellespont: 1 mile long Rope: 1 foot wide Round 2: Continued • Greeks started freaking out • Athens send envoys to Sparta and beg for an alliance • Battle of Thermopylae – Leonidas recruited 300 men to bodyguard Greek soldiers – The Spartans held off a quarter million Persians for three days • Themistocles – persuaded the Athenians to let the Spartans lead the military – privately persuaded the Spartans to let him run the navy. – Persuaded Athens to evacuate the city • Battle of Salamis – Persian navy was completely destroyed • Battle of Plataea – Greek army united with 10,000 Spartans Round 3: Greeks vs. Greeks • Persian Wars ended in 479 BC • Delian League was formed – – – – An “alliance” against Persia It eventually turned into an Athenian Empire Strong navy; covered the Aegean Sea Athens collected “tribute payments” from their “allies” • Peloponnesian League was formed – Sparta had to start their own “club” – They had no navy – Claimed total superiority on the ground • Athens built huge stone walls around their city In a nutshell: One side owned the sea, the other the land Round 3: Continued • Problems started in 433 BC • Corinth (ally of Sparta) got into an argument with Corcyra (a Corinthian colony) • Corcyra went to Athens for help • Corinth went to Sparta for help To be Continued….