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Hernando Cortez October 14, 2014 At age nineteen, Hernando Cortez sailed to the New World to seek his fortune. He joined up with Christopher Columbus and helped conquer the island of Cuba. Hernando Cortez Conquered the Aztecs Spain, 1519 Hernando Cortez was the son of a minor nobleman in Spain. He was seven years old when Columbus landed in the Americas. Then he married the sister of the new Governor of Cuba. V. Dec 155:22 PM Going for the Gold! There were rumors that the Aztecs had built a glorious city of gold at Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). Sep 124:23 PM The Governor's goal was to gain wealth and glory for himself, so he chose someone he thought he could trust to lead the expedition his brotherinlaw, Hernando Cortez. Hernando Cortez leaves Cuba with his expedition as the Governor sees him off. Dec 155:29 PM Sep 124:53 PM Hernando Cortez October 14, 2014 Cortez had only 400 men, but he had horses, firearms, and iron armor. The Plot Thickens: Enemies of the Aztecs Cortez landed in Mexico in 1519 and learned that the neighbors, the Tlaxcalans, did not like the Aztecs. Meeting of Tlaxcala and Hernando Cortez Sep 174:37 PM Dec 155:55 PM The Plot Thickens Further: Legend of Quetzalcoatl There was good reason the Tlaxcalans hated the Aztecs. The Aztecs made war on their neighbors then sacrificed them to their gods. They slaughtered them then cut out their hearts. Along the way to the Aztecs, Cortez learned of the legend of Quetzalcoatl. According to his legend, there was a god named Quetzalcoatl who sailed to the east and promised to return one day. Quetzalcoatl Sep 174:54 PM Dec 156:06 PM Hernando Cortez October 14, 2014 Montezuma Montezuma was the ruler of the Aztec Empire. The population of this empire was around 1 million people, with between 100,000 and 200,000 in the capital city (Tenochtitlan) alone. 1. Native Allies predict: Cortez had only 400 men. How did he conquer the Aztec Empire? (Think of five things! There were all kinds of hints in the presentation.) Cortez persuaded thousands of Tlaxcalans to march with him to Tenochtitlan. They supplied him with troops, food, transport, and bases to retreat back to friendly territory. Dec 168:08 AM Dec 1610:26 AM 3. Romance 2. The Trick! Cortez pretended to be the god Quetzalcoatl. He rode a horse, an animal which the Aztecs had never seen. Cortez married the daughter of Montezuma! Quetzalcoatl Cortez Quetzalcoatl (Cortez) and Spaniards on Horses! OOOOOO!!! Emperor Montezuma welcomes Cortez into the "family." Cortez with fatherinlaw Montezuma Dec 1611:24 AM Dec 1611:38 AM Hernando Cortez October 14, 2014 4. Puppetry Cortez forced Emperor Montezuma to stand on the balcony of his palace and ask his people to retreat. The Aztecs were so angry at their leader they picked up large stones and pelted him. Montezuma died a short time afterward. The Conquest of Tenochtitlan Dec 164:47 PM Dec 164:58 PM 5. Smallpox The Spaniards brought with them a deadly epidemic of smallpox. The Surrender of Cuauhtémoc, the Last Emperor of the Aztec Empire The Aztecs had never encountered this disease, so they had no resistance. Dec 165:03 PM The Aztecs finally surrendered and Cortez became the wealthiest man in the New World. Dec 165:15 PM Hernando Cortez October 14, 2014 Sep 2611:29 AM