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THE UNITED NATIONS
SYSTEM AND THE
ROLE OF THE ILO
“United Nations Development
Cooperation: Principles and strategies”
Focus of cooperation for DEVELOPMENT BASED ON HUMAN RIGHTS:
In 2003, the United Nations agencies agreed on a “common understanding” of
the main elements of the focuses based on human rights, with the
understanding that they are inherent to the development processes of
countries and are in keeping with the general purposes of the UN.
In this respect, development strategies should integrate a guarantee for the
respect and promotion of human rights as a target and guideline along with
the MDGs.
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“Development Cooperation of the United
Nations: Principles and strategies”
A development cooperation focus based on human rights:
It is important to remember that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, approved and
adopted on 10 December 1948 by the General Assembly of the United Nations, declares as
human rights the fundamental labour rights on the basis of which the ILO has developed an
extensive legal framework. Article 23 enshrines the right to work of everyone, as well as their
right to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and protection
against unemployment. It also establishes the right to equal pay for equal work, without any
discrimination, and the right to just and favourable remuneration, ensuring for the worker and
their family an existence worthy of human dignity.
The Declaration also encompasses people’s right to form and join trade unions for the
protection of their interests (art. 23. 4); to social security (art. 22); to rest and leisure, a
reasonable limitation of working hours and to periodic holidays with pay (art. 24); to an
adequate standard of living, including security in the event of unemployment or sickness, and
to equal social protection (art. 25); as well as education, with generally available technical
and professional education (art. 26).
Labour and trade union rights that the ILO has developed in its legal framework
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Importance of promoting tripartism
and the legal framework of the ILO
within the UNS
The key message of the Workers’ Group is that the ILO should reaffirm its
relevance to social and economic development in the global context. In
particular, this concept is applicable to the following characteristics of the
ILO:
-
its unique role in the creation of standards,
-
its supervisory system for international labour standards, and
-
its unique tripartite structure
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Importance of promoting
tripartism and the legal
framework of the ILO within the
UNS
• The unique tripartite
structure that
characterizes the ILO
can contribute to the
development of social
dialogue on a national
level, thereby
increasing the
legitimacy of the
UN’s activities.
The beneficiaries
of the actions of the
ILO/UN have the
opportunity to
have their say in
the decisions that
affect them and
their development,
and access rights
by means of the
ILS.
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The advantages contributed by the ILO can be defined in the following way:
* It is important to emphasize the importance of social dialogue and tripartism
in the UN reform process.
• The promotion of the International Labour Standards contributes to
development cooperation based on fundamental rights.
• The ILO’s experience in the development of fundamental principles
and rights at work offers the whole cooperation system a focus for
development based on rights, while the Decent Work Programme
offers a clear and well-defined mandate to contribute to the
development goals. The ILO and its member States and social
partners must ensure that decent work is a priority.
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The ILO’s role
•
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized
agency of the United Nations System (UNS) and as such its
purposes and the actions it carries out to achieve them form part
of the global strategy of the UNS.
•
Consequently, the strategies employed to achieve the Decent
Work objectives should coincide with the strategies that the
Millennium Development Goals aim to achieve.
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The MDGs and DW
THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS:
Along with the goals, the Millennium Declaration includes the targets that should
be achieved by 2015, quantifying the progress that is expected for that date.
These targets have undergone changes: originally, 18 targets were
established which were later increased by four at the 2005 World Summit
with the following: productive employment, access to reproductive health
services, access to HIV treatment, and biodiversity. In other words, Decent
Work has only been included in an explicit way as an integral element
of the MDGs since 2005.
The United Nations System - including the ILO - has the aim of assisting
countries to improve their capacities to meet the MDGs. In order to support
this collective effort, a comprehensive set of services has been designed
to support national development strategies based on the MDGs, which
are coordinated by means of the United Nations Development Assistance
Framework (UNDAF) with the participation of the United Nations Country
Team (UNCT).
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The MDGs and DW
A) EXPLICIT
• Introduction of the target “To
achieve full and productive
employment and decent work
for all, including women and
young people” in MDG 1:
“Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger”
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The MDGs and DW
The MDGs and DW are linked in a global way as follows:
Rights: Without them, women and men would not have the
necessary instruments at their disposal to free themselves of
poverty;
Employment: Productive work constitutes the main tool for
overcoming poverty;
Protection: Social protection protects people against poverty;
Dialogue: The participation of employers and workers makes a
key contribution to the design of government policies to fight
poverty.
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b) IMPLICIT
•
Objective 1 – Reduce by half the proportion of people whose
income is less than $1 a day - Full and productive employment
and decent work. Freedom of association and the elimination of
forced labour, child labour and discrimination, and effective
dialogue give people the capacity to free themselves from poverty.
•
Objective 2 – Achieve universal primary education - Decent
work for parents with families and for teachers, a smooth
transition from education to working life and the elimination of
child labour.
•
Objective 3 – Gender equality - A necessary condition for
meeting all the MDGs and a cross-cutting strategic objective of
Decent Work.
•
Objective 4 Reduce child mortality - Assistance for working
mothers, investment in human resources and infrastructures in
the field of health.
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• Objective 5 Improve maternal health - Prevention in
the sphere of health and safety in the workplace and the
protection of mothers.
•
Objective 6 - Health and safety in the workplace as an
essential element contributing to the eradication of
HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
• Objective 7 – Ensure environmental sustainability – A
central element of the Global Employment Agenda which
forms part of the Decent Work Programme.
• Objective 8: – Promote a global partnership for
development - Globalization has the potential to promote
open societies, more productive economies and a freer
exchange of goods, but only under the condition that
opportunities are created to offer more and better jobs.
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DWCP and UNDAF
• The Decent Work Country Programmes (DWCPs)
should be incorporated into the United Nations
Development Assistance Frameworks (UNDAFs)
in order to guarantee that Decent Work, an
objective undertaken by the United Nations System
during the General Assembly of 2005, is
incorporated into the strategic planning of the UN
in each country.
• Equally, the Declaration on Social Justice for a
Fair Globalization (ILO, 2008), states that their
technical cooperation with constituents shall be
carried out through the DWCPs within the
United Nations Development Assistance
Framework (UNDAF).
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Strategies
In relation to the commitments undertaken by
constituents, the ILO Declaration on Social
Justice for a Fair Globalization (2008) sets
out the need for member States, in
consultation with union organizations and
business organizations, to agree on a
“national and/or regional strategy in
favour of decent work” as a fundamental
pillar of the development strategies
implemented by the countries.
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RESULTING INTERRELATIONS
UNDAF
UNS
I
L
O
DWCP
National
Development
Strategy
National
DW
strategy
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Possible union strategies to effectively
participate in development plans
1. Effective participation in the
creation process of the
DWCPs, and, by extension, in
the definition of priorities in
the sphere of decent work and
their inclusion in the
UNDAFs.
2. Participation (by means
of social dialogue forums) in
the government ministries
or departments where
priorities in the sphere of
work and labour relations
are established, thereby
ensuring that these are also
prioritized in the UNDAFs
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