Download Molecular Genetics Review

Molecular Genetics Review
Ch. 16, 17, 18-20
Chapter 16 & 17
Approximately 15% of the questions on this test will be on 16 & 17. DO NOT spend too much time on
these chapters; instead make sure you understand these general concepts:
Chapter 16 (does not need to be completed for corrections)





Direction of replication
Any important enzymes and their “jobs” in replication
Leading strand vs. lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Pro vs. Eukaryotic replication
Chapter 17 (does not need to be completed for corrections)








Important enzymes and their “jobs’ in transcription
mRNA processing
A, T, G, C base pairing
Purines vs. pyrimidines
What is U, what does it correspond with?
tRNAs function
Codons
Where does translation occur & what molecules are involved?
Chapter 18 (COMPLETE FOR TEST CORRECTIONS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Compare DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
How does DNA methylation and histone acetylation affect gene expression?
What is the role of activators vs. repressors? Where do they bind to?
List the components found in a eukaryotic transcription initiation complex.
What is the function of miRNAs and siRNAs?
What is a regulatory gene?
What is a regulatory protein?
What is the difference between positive and negative control function in gene expression?
How is gene regulation important in embryonic development and cancer?
Compare and contrast gene regulation in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Chapter 19 (COMPLETE FOR TEST CORRECTIONS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why do many scientists classify viruses as non-living?
How do the genomes of different viruses compare?
Draw the basic structure of a virus. Label and define capsid, viral envelope and nucleic acid.
Draw the lytic/lysogenic cycle.
What stage of the lytic-lysogenic cycle is a virus virulent? Temperate?
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What determines a host range?
How do viruses introduce genetic variation into host organisms?
How is a virus different than a viroid?
What is a prion?
How is the transmission of plant viruses different than animal viruses?
What is a zoonotic disease? How is rabies different than influenza?
What are some mechanisms that introduce genetic variation into viral populations?
Chapter 20 (COMPLETE FOR TEST CORRECTIONS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is recombinant DNA?
What are plasmids?
What are restriction enzymes (RE)?
When DNA is cut using an RE, describe the ends of the DNA fragments.
Describe how a plasmid can be genetically modified to include a piece of foreign DNA that alters
the phenotype of bacterial cells transformed with the modified plasmid. (think about our pGLO
experiment)
6. How can a genetically modified organism provide a benefit for humans and at the same time pose
a threat to a population or ecosystem?
7. How plasmids are used in bacterial transformation to clone genes.
8. Draw & complete this table:
How to make
Recombinant DNA
Summarize: What is
this technique?
Draw and label a
diagram to show this
technique
What are the main
tools or materials
involved?
Applications: What is
this being used for?
Gel Electrophoresis
PCR
9. Terms to know: You do not need to define these to receive credit for test corrections, however, I
recommend making flashcards/defining the following:
a. Genetic engineering
l. Gel electrophoresis
b. Biotechnology
m. RFLPs
c. Recombinant DNA
n. Genomic library
d. Gene cloning
o. cDNA library
e. Plasmid
p. DNA microarray assays
f. Restriction enzymes
q. SNPs
g. Sticky ends
r. Stem cells
h. DNA ligase
s. Gene therapy
i. Cloning vector
t. Transgenic animals
j. Nucleic acid hybridization
u. GMO (genetically modified
k. PCR
organism)