Download Chapter 10 Lesson 1 - Brimley Area Schools

Chapter 10 Lesson 1
What Are Mental Disorders
Mental Disorders
• An Illness of the mind that can affect the
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a
person, preventing him or her from leading
a happy, healthful and productive life
• Identified by their inability to cope in
healthful ways with life’s changes,
demands, problems, or traumas
Mental Disorders
• In the past mental disorders were
misunderstood and people with such
disorders were feared or shunned
• Mental disorders understood not only as
disturbances in the emotions but also as
imbalances in the chemistry of the brain
Types of Mental Disorders
• Organic disorders
• Functional disorder
– Anxiety
– Somatoform
– Affective
– personality
Organic Disorder
• Caused by a physical illness or an injury
that affects the brain
• Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections such
as syphilis and meningitis, lupus and
stroke
• Some are inherited chemical imbalances
Functional Disorder
• Result of psychological causes in which no
clear brain damage is involved
• Usually result from stress, emotional
conflict, fear or poor coping skills
• May be tied to inborn causes, traumatic
events in childhood, or current causes
• Main functional disorders – anxiety,
somatoform, affective and personality
Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
• Illness in which real, imagined or
persistent fears prevent a person from
enjoying life
• Continuous, chronic anxiety
• People will often arrange their lives so as
to avoid the object or situation that makes
the anxious or nervous
Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
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Four types of anxiety disorders
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive
Panic Disorders
Post traumatic stress disorder
Anxiety Disorders/Phobias
• Specific fear that is so strong that person
goes to extreme measures to avoid the
fear producing object of activity
– Acrophobia – fear of heights
– Claustrophobia – Fear of enclosed spaces
Person with phobia may be unable to carry out
daily activities
Some believe that phobias are related to some
past experience that was upsetting
Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive
compulsive
• Trapped in a pattern of repeated behaviors
or thoughts
• Obsession – consistent, recurrent,
unwanted thoughts or ideas that keep
people from thinking about other things
• Compulsion – urgent, repeated,
irresistible behaviors
Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive
compulsive
Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive
compulsive
• Person with OCD might feel the urge to
wash hands 20-30 times a day
• When these activities interfere with other
daily functions an commitments, they are
considered a problem
Anxiety Disorder/Panic
• Fear or anxiety get in the way of
functioning and enjoying life
• The individual may feel anxious, fearful,
and upset most of the time, or the feelings
may arise for no apparent reason
• Panic attacks are accompanied by severe
symptoms such as trembling, a racing
heart, shortness of breath, dizziness or
even dying
Anxiety Disorder/Panic
Anxiety Disorder/Post Traumatic
stress Syndrome
• Person who experiences or witnesses a
traumatic event feels sever and long
lasting aftereffects
• Common among veterans of military
combat rape survivors, survivors of natural
disatsers
• Symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares,
emotional numbness, reaction to an
image, sleeplessness,
Anxiety Disorder/Post Traumatic
stress Syndrome
• Symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares,
emotional numbness, reaction to an
image, sleeplessness, feelings of guilt, or
an extreme reaction to an image or sound
that reminds the person of the event
Somatoform Disorders
• Describe an illness in which a person
complains of disease symptoms, but no
physical cause can be found
• Hypochondria – a preoccupation with the
body and fear of presumed diseases that
are not present
• Constantly feel aches and pains and
worries about developing cancer, hear
disease, or some other serious problem
Somatoform Disorders
Affective Disorder
• A mood disorder often with an organic
cause that relates to emotions and may
involve mood swings or mood extremes
that interfere with everyday living
• Mood swings are severe and may last long
periods of time
• Clinical depression
• Bipolar Disorder
Affective Disorder/Clinical
Depression
• Feeling of sadness, hopelessness, or
despair last for more than a few weeks
and interfere with daily activities and
interests
• It can be a serious health problem that
affects one’s ability to concentrate, sleep,
perform at school or work or handle
everyday decisions
Affective Disorder/Clinical
Depression
• It can be a symptom of substance abuse
• It can run in families and be biologically
based
• Can be caused by life events and
accumulated traumas or stressors
Affective Disorder/Bipolar Disorder
• Illness characterized by extreme mood
swings between depression and extreme
happiness, or mania
• During manic periods people may feel
extremely happy or energetic
• Often this “high” period ends abruptly and
a period of deep depression sets in
• Between periods they behave normally
Affective Disorder/Bipolar Disorder
Personality Disorder
• Variety of psychological conditions that
affect a person’s ability to get along with
others
• May often be at odds with others and
never see their part in the problem
• Personality disorders have no apparent
distinct signs or symptoms
Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Person’s constant conflict with society
• May display behavior that is cruel,
uncaring, irresponsible and impulsive
• They can distinguish right from wrong,
they often don’t care about others’ needs
or society’s rules and are often in trouble
with the law
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
• Means Split mind
• 1 to 2 % of the population and appears
most frequently among people between
the ages of 15 and 35
• Untreated they may act inappropriately,
exhibit abnormal emotional responses, or
in some cases, show no emotional
responses at all
Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
• Some schizophrenics withdraw often
losing all sense of time and space
• Some hallucinate or hear voices, talk to
themselves, act odd, or neglect to care for
themselves
• Paranoid Schizophrenics – mistrust and
are suspicious of others
• They may believe they are being followed,
listened to or targeted for harm
Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
• Professional help and chemical
intervention are always recommended