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Anatomy
and
Physiology
Vitruvian man
By DaVinci
Circa 1490
Definitions


Anatomy- The study of the structure of
the human body from the microscopic
level to gross anatomy.
Physiology- The study of how the body
works
Connections


Anatomy and Physiology are always related
Structure and function are always
interrelated



Capillaries are small and thin walled to allow
the exchange of gasses and nutrients
The link between structure and function will
be our main focus throughout the semester
Next
Levels of Organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Atoms/Molecules
Cells
Tissue
Organ
Organ Systems
Organism
Organ Systems
Integumentary System
1.
•
Skin
Skeletal System
2.
•
Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments and Joints
Muscular System
3.
•
•
•
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Organ Systems
Nervous system
4.
•
•
•
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves and Sensory Receptors
Endocrine System
5.
•
Controls body through chemical signals
•
Hormones
Cardiovascular System
6.
•
Heart and Blood Vessels
Organ Systems
7.
Lymphatic System

8.
Respiratory System

9.
11.
Pharynx, Larynx, and Lungs
Digestive System

10.
Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Tonsils
Mouth to Anus
Urinary System
Reproductive System (Male and Female)
Connections

Many of the systems are interrelated as
well




Digestive, Circulatory, Lymphatic systems
Circulatory and Cardiovascular
Urinary and reproductive systems
Nervous and Muscular systems
Maintaining Life

Systems work together to maintain life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Maintaining boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Survival Needs
Nutrients (Food)
1.


Carbs, lipids, proteins
Vitamins and Minerals
Oxygen
2.

20% of air
Water
3.

60-80 of the human body
Temperature (37 Deg. C)
Atmospheric Pressure
4.
5.

Gas Exchange
Homeostasis


The maintenance of a relatively stable
internal environment despite changes in
the external environment
Dynamic state of change and equilibrium


Blood pressure, oxygen levels, body
temperature
An extreme change can be catastrophic
Three Basic Components
Receptor
1.


Senses change in environment
Sends information to control center along afferent
pathway
Control Center
2.


Determines homeostasis point
Determines response
Effector
3.


Makes the change positive/negative
Gets info from efferent pathway