Download Anatomy Joke - Mr. Bell`s Anatomy and Physiology

Here we go again…
Mr. Bell: 
Most students: 
Some students:  (my favorites)
Anatomy Joke:
What should you do if you’re attacked
by a pack of clowns?
Go for the juggler!
An Overview
• Anatomy:Structure
• Physiology: Function
• Does one determine the other?
Levels of Structural Organization
•
•
•
•
•
Tissues
Organ Systems
Cells
Organs
Atoms
Levels of Structural Organization
• Atoms
Organs
Cells
Tissues
Organ Systems
Organism
Organ Systems Overview
• Integumentary System: The external covering
of the body
– aka your skin!
•
•
•
•
Protection
Excretion
Regulation of body temperature
First point of contact with the environment
Skeletal System
• Bones, Cartilages, Ligaments, and Joints
• Functions:
– Support
– Movement
– Protection
– Hematopoiesis
– Mineral Storage
Muscular System
• 3 types of muscle
– Skeletal
– Smooth
– Cardiac
• Function:
– Movement!
Nervous System
• Brain, Spinal Cord, nerves, sensory receptors
• Function:
– Respond to stimuli
• Internal vs. external
– Control center of the body
Endocrine System
• Glands: thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals,
thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, testes
• Function: regulate body activity using
hormones
– Slower than CNS
– Ex: Growth, Reproduction, Food usage (cellular
level)
Cardiovascular System:
• Heart and Blood Vessels
• Function: Transport oxygen, nutrients,
hormones, and other substances to and from
tissue cells (red blood cells)
• Protect the body from invasion (white blood
cells)
Lymphatic System
• Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid
glands (spleen, tonsils)
• Function: cleanse blood and house cells
involved in immunity
Respiratory System
• Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, lungs
• Function: supply oxygen to the rest of the
body
• Remove carbon dioxide from the blood
Digestive System
• Oral Cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and
large intestines, rectum
• Function: break down food
– Remove nutrients and deliver to blood
– Remove waste
Urinary System
• Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
• Function: remove wastes containing nitrogen
from the body (ex: urea)
• Maintenance of water/salt balance
• Maintenance of pH
Reproductive System
• Testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct
system, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tubes
• Function: production of offspring
– Female: growth and development of offspring
(pregnancy)
Life Functions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maintenance of boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness (irritability)
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Survival Needs
•
•
•
•
•
Nutrients…are a pretty big deal
Oxygen…even bigger deal
Water…kind of in the middle…
Body Temperature
Atmospheric pressure
Homeostasis
• The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable
internal conditions even though the outside
world is continuously changing
– Constantly changing (ironic)
• Within a narrow range
• The body is maintaining a dynamic equilibrium
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
• Carried out by Nervous and Endocrine
Systems
• Key Terms:
– Variable
– Receptor
– Stimuli
– Input
– Afferent Pathway
– Control Center
Cont’d…
• Efferent Pathway
• Effector
• Variable
Homeostasis
Cont’d
• Negative Feedback Mechanisms:
– The net effect of the response to the stimulus is to
shut off the original stimulus or reduce its
intensity
• Positive Feedback Mechanisms:
– Increase the original disturbance and push the
variable farther from its original value
– Control infrequent events that occur explosively
– Do not require continuous adjustment
Homeostatic Imbalance
• Disturbances in the homeostatic mechanism
• Typically result in Disease
Anatomical Position
• Standard position of the body (assumption)
– Used to accurately describe body parts and
position
– Body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging
at the sides with palms forward