Download Evolution Test Review- key

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Evolution Test Review- key
1.
Who was the father of Evolution?
Charles Darwin
2.
Darwin developed the theory of what?
Natural selection
3.
Describe Darwin’s process of Natural Selection in your own words.
Fittest species will survive and reproduce
4.
Describe Evolution in your own words.
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21.
What is a species?
A species must be able to interbreed and produce viable offspring
Define each & give examples:
a. Analogous structures
different structure - Same function – butterfly wing/bird wing both used to fly
b. Homologous structures
Same structure different function (related ancestor) human arm, whale fin, bat wing
c. Vestigial structures
A structure that is no longer needed – appendix, pelvis bone in whales
What is an adaptation?
Changing to fit the environment
Would organisms that are homologous or analogous have more similar amino acid structures?
homologous
What do we know about organisms that have homologous structures?
They have a common ancestor
What is the difference between gradual and punctuated evolution?
Gradual happens slowly, punctuated happens fast
How are natural selection and evolution related?
Evolution happens through natural selection
What is geographic separation? Why is it important in evolution?
When something geographic separates a species (canyon, river) 2 separate species evolve.
What does it mean to be “fit” in terms of evolution?
best traits optimal for survival: fastest, strongest, etc.
Define: Survival of the fittest.
Fit the best to survive
What type of evolutionary evidence is show in figure 1 and how is it used to show evidence of evolution?
Molecular evidence
Explain how to tell if two organisms are closely related using this chart?
They will have more matching amino acids
According to the figure at the right, what organism is most closely related to the Rhesus Monkey?
Gorilla
Which organism is LEAST closely related to the Rhesus
monkey?
Horse & Kangaroo
“Older species give rise to more recent species.” This
statement is best supported by which piece of evolutionary
evidence?
Fossil record
What is a fossil, and where are the oldest fossils found
compared to newer ones?
Traces of dead organisms such a skeletons or shells, and
other signs of past life. – oldest species are found on the
bottom layers – newest on the top
Many organisms that live in the sea have had the adaptation
of a dorsal (back) fin for thousands of years. What can you
conclude about this particular adaptation (hint – how
necessary must it be for survival)?
The trait is beneficial to the survival or reproduction of the species.
22. What characteristic of Galapagos finches did Darwin study?
Beak sizes and adaptations
23. What types of adaptations to this structure did he see (be as specific as possible)?
The finches beaks evolved based on food sources on the island.
24. Will the frequency of favorable genes increase, decrease, or stay the same within
a population over time and why?
Increase – good genes will stay alive
25. Individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to….what?
survive
26. Light Peppered Moths were more plentiful than Dark Peppered Moths before the
Industrial Revolution. Why?
Because of the colors of light trees and they blended in and were “fit” to
survive
27. Refer to the figure at the right. Horse evolution is an example of Gradualism.
What is Gradualism?
Slow changes in evolution
28. How is Gradualism different from Punctuated Equilibrium?
slow
29. Which chart of the butterflies is punctualism, explain
The one on the right because it shows “spurts” of evolution
30. Which chart is gradualism, explain?
The one on the left because it shows slow evolution
31. According to the figure at the right, what is the common ancestor of the Large
Ground Finch and the Warbler Finch?
Tiaris sp.