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Download Basic Cellular and Molecular Biology – the OLLI Version Dr. Steven
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Basic Cellular and Molecular Biology – the OLLI Version Dr. Steven M. Norris Biology bio + logia = “study of life” Biology “skin-in” “skin-out” Life Cellular Organization Life Metabolism Life Homeostasis Life Reproduction Life Heredity Biological Themes Evolution “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” Theodosius Dobzhansky Biological Themes Ecology Biological Themes Bio-diversity Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Ursus americanus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya Biological Themes Structure/ Function The Panda’s ‘thumb’ Biological Themes Interrelatedness of parts Biological Themes Biology “skin-in” “skin-out” Reductionism has its limits The platypus genome has been sequenced Now what? Life on Earth ArchaeBacteria bacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYA All life is interrelated Diversity Three Domains of life Archaea Eukarya Bacteria Science Professor Roy Hinkley, Ph.D. Western Science Plato and Aristotle Raphael, ca. 1510 The Vatican Middle Ages Knowledge comes from authority and revelation Mediaeval copy of Aristotle’s writings Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Trusting our senses Renaissance - Age of Enlightenment (starting1500’s) Knowledge comes from exploration, examination and experimentation Rembrandt (1632) Galen (130-200 AD) Galen on blood circulation Andreas Versalius (1514-1564) Andreas Versalius - 1538 “The septum is formed from the very densest substance of the heart. It abounds on both sides with pits. Of these none, so far as the senses can perceive, penetrate from the right to the left ventricle. We wonder at the art of the Creator which causes blood to pass from right to left ventricle through invisible pores” Andreas Versalius - 1538 “The septum is formed from the very densest substance of the heart. It abounds on both sides with pits. Of these none, so far as the senses can perceive, penetrate from the right to the left ventricle. We wonder at the art of the Creator which causes blood to pass from right to left ventricle through invisible pores” Andreas Versalius - 1538 “The septum is formed from the very densest substance of the heart. It abounds on both sides with pits. Of these none, so far as the senses can perceive, penetrate from the right to the left ventricle. We wonder at the art of the Creator which causes blood to pass from right to left ventricle through invisible pores” Andreas Versalius - 1555 “Not long ago I would not have dared to turn aside even a hair’s breadth from Galen. But it seems to me that the septum of the heart is as thick, dense and compact as the rest of the heart. I do not see, therefore, how even the smallest particle can be transferred from the right to the left ventricle through the septum” Natural Philosophy Robert Boyle (1627-1691) Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Natural Philosophy “Let it not suffice to be booklearned, to read what others have written and to take upon trust more falsehood than truth, but let us ourselves examine things as we have opportunity, and converse with Nature as well as with books.” John Ray -- 1691 (1627-1705) The Scientific Method The Scientific Method The Scientific Method The Scientific Method When Science and politics collide… Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976) The car won’t start…. Limitations of Science Ichthyology Ichthyology Ichthyology Ichthyology National Museum of Natural History (Paris) Natural History Museum (London) Royal Museum of Central Africa (Belgium) Ichthyology Ichthyology
