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The pressure-volume loop depicts graphically the hemodynamic changes in the left ventricle during a heartbeat and the ejection of one stroke volume (SV). Segment A-B occurs at the beginning of systole after the mitral valve closes. (A) The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is noted on the graph at the end of diastolic filling. Pressure in the ventricle gradually builds until point B is reached when the aortic valve opens (B) and blood is ejected from the ventricle. The aortic valve closes when ejection is complete at end systole. The line at point D identifies end systole. Moving the slope of this line to the reader's right represents a shift to a less contractile state. Moving the slope to the left reflects a more highly contractile ventricle. Segment D-E represents isovolumetric relaxation. Once pressure in the ventricle is reduced the mitral valve again opens (point E) and diastolic filling resumes in preparation for the Source: Chapter 2. Hemodynamics and Cardiac Anesthesia, Cardiac Anesthesia and Transesophageal Echocardiography heart's next systole. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic pressure-volume (ESPV) Citation: Wasnick Hillel Z, Kramer D, Littwin S, Nicoara A. Cardiac and General Transesophageal Echocardiography; Available at: (From: William J Hoffman, JohnJD, D Wasnick, eds. Postoperative Critical Care of the Anesthesia Massachusetts Hospital. 2nd ed. Boston, MA:2011 Wolters Kluwer; http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 02, 2017 1992, with permission.) Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved