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Washington, Adams Presidencies 1 "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." To what was this popular slogan referring? (1) (2) (3) (4) the Alien and Sedition Acts the Jay Treaty the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions the XYZ Affair 2 The creation of the first political parties in the United States resulted from a controversy over (1) declaring independence from Great Britain (2) recognizing women's equality (3) expanding slavery into the newly acquired territories (4) interpreting the Constitution 3 President George Washington pursued a foreign policy of neutrality during his administration primarily because he believed that (1) the United States needed time to gain economic and military strength (2) treaties were prohibited by the Constitution (3) the United States should not expand by force (4) alliances should be established with both France and England 4 One immediate result of Alexander Hamilton's financial plan was the (1) (2) (3) (4) removal of the tax on exports creation of a national bank adoption of free trade establishment of an income tax 5 Conflicts between Jeffersonians and Hamiltonians during President George Washington’s first administration led directly to the (1) (2) (3) (4) end of the Era of Good Feelings decision to replace the Articles of Confederation addition of the elastic clause to the Constitution start of the first political parties 6 ". . . I know too that it is a maxim [rule] with us, and I think it a wise one, not to entangle ourselves with the affairs of Europe. . . ." — Thomas Jefferson, December 21, 1787, Library of Congress Which document most clearly reflects the advice given in this statement? (1) (2) (3) (4) Albany Plan of Union Articles of Confederation Bill of Rights Washington's Farewell Address 7 The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798, the McCarthy hearings in the 1950s, and the passage of the USA Patriot Act in 2001 created controversy because they (1) required large sums of money to enforce (2) raised questions about the protection of civil liberties (3) created alliances with foreign governments (4) limited the power of the executive branch 8 As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton was most noted for (1) (2) (3) (4) devising a plan to pay off the nation's debts beginning a system to tax exports arranging necessary loans from European nations raising revenue from the sale of western lands 9 One reason President George Washington called for a policy of neutrality in the 1790s was to (1) improve his popularity among Federalist voters (2) avoid United States participation in European wars (3) gain support for the development of a United States navy (4) enforce the Treaty of Alliance with France 10 What international event was important in establishing principles of neutrality for early America? (1) (2) (3) (4) the English Civil War the French Revolution the Seven Years War the Spanish Armada Washington, Adams Presidencies 11 During the presidency of George Washington, disagreements between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over the interpretation of the Constitution contributed to the (1) (2) (3) (4) impeachment of federal judges defeat of the Whiskey Rebellion formation of political parties elimination of the commerce clause 12 "All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born, the other the mass of the people.... The people are turbulent and changing.... Give therefore to the first class a distinct permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second." – Alexander Hamilton What does the author of this quotation suggest? (1) that the will of the majority should guide public policy (2) that wealthy people are too preoccupied to rule well (3) that the common people cannot be trusted to run a stable government (4) that poorer people must work harder to gain access to economic and political power 13 On the issue of creating a national bank, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton differed on whether to (1) apply a strict or loose interpretation of the Constitution (2) establish a tariff to raise revenue (3) use deposits to finance a new navy (4) issue loans to farmers 14 The importance of the Supreme Court's ruling in Marbury v. Madison (1803) is that the Court (1) decided on the legality of state taxation of federal property (2) allowed for the influence of political parties in the passage of laws (3) refused to expand federal power over interstate trade (4) established the power of judicial review of federal laws 15 One important goal of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to (1) reduce trade barriers between the United States and African nations (2) establish United States colonies and naval bases in the Caribbean (3) provide military assistance to help the Philippines gain independence from Spain (4) prevent former colonial powers from taking over Latin American nations 16 One factor that led to the formation of the first two political parties in the United States in the 1790s was the conflict over the (1) distribution of power between the federal and state governments (2) spread of slavery into the western territories (3) control of interstate commerce (4) acquisition of lands from France and Spain 17 "Congress Passes Alien and Sedition Acts" "Lincoln Suspends Writ of Habeus Corpus" "Roosevelt Authorizes Internment of Japanese Americans on West Coast" Which conclusion is best supported by these headlines? (1) Immigrants are a danger to the welfare of the United States. (2) Perceived threats to national security sometimes result in limits on civil liberties. (3) Foreign policy is greatly affected by domestic conflicts. (4) The power of the federal government is weakened by risks to national security. 18 Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _______________________________ A. Creation of a national bank B. Full funding of the national debt C. Collection of an excise tax on whiskey (1) (2) (3) (4) The Spoils System The American System Hamilton's Financial Plan Constitutional Amendments Washington, Adams Presidencies 19 The outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion (1794) strengthened the authority of the (1) (2) (3) (4) national government state governors territorial legislatures local police 20 President George Washington’s leadership during the Whiskey Rebellion (1794) was important because it (1) showed the ability of the new government to enforce federal law (2) helped assure his reelection to a third term (3) forced frontier farmers to limit grain production (4) halted British fort construction in the Northwest 21 One feature common to the foreign policies of Presidents George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson was that each wanted to (1) (2) (3) (4) favor France in its conflict with Great Britain secure new territory west of the Mississippi River maintain neutrality during European conflict seek miltary alliances with neighboring countries 22 The decision of President George Washington to use the state militia to put down the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 demonstrated that the (1) states were still the dominant power in the new nation (2) President was becoming a military dictator (3) Federal Government had no authority to impose an excise tax (4) new National Government intended to enforce Federal laws 23 Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton supported the creation of the Bank of the United States because it would (1) increase the power of state banks (2) raise revenue to reduce the need for tariffs (3) help ensure the economic stability of the new nation (4) provide low-cost loans to farmers 24 One reason James Madison and Thomas Jefferson objected to Alexander Hamilton’s financial policies was that they believed (1) the establishment of a national bank was unconstitutional (2) a laissez-faire policy would not help the country’s economy (3) the government should encourage industrial development (4) high tariffs were needed to protect America’s economic interests 25 How did President George Washington set a precedent for all future presidents? (1) appointing a career soldier to be Secretary of War (2) choosing a friend to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (3) campaigning actively for the office (4) creating a cabinet of advisors 26 From 1798 to 1800, following the XYZ Affair, the United States waged an undeclared Naval War against which country? (1) France (3) Portugal (2) Great Britain (4) Spain 27 " ' Tis [It is] our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. . . ." — President George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 The United States was able to follow this advice from President Washington for several decades primarily because of (1) industrial and agricultural self-sufficiency (2) strong support from other Western Hemisphere nations (3) geographic isolation from Europe (4) peaceful relations between the European powers 28 What were two key precedents established by George Washington during his presidency? (1) aid to farmers and the end of the slave trade (2) universal male suffrage and support for political parties (3) foreign policy of neutrality and the use of presidential advisors (4) protective tariffs and foreign alliances during peacetime Washington, Adams Presidencies 29 Thomas Jefferson opposed Alexander Hamilton's plan to create a national bank primarily because the plan would (1) (2) (3) (4) weaken the nation's currency increase the national debt promote the interests of farmers depend on a loose interpretation of the Constitution 30 The establishment of the president’s cabinet as part of the United States government was the result of a (1) (2) (3) (4) law passed by Congress constitutional amendment precedent started by George Washington ruling of the United States Supreme Court 31 Most historians consider Alexander Hamilton to have been a successful Secretary of the Treasury because he (1) expanded trade with all nations (2) established a sound financial plan for the new nation (3) eliminated tariffs between the states (4) opposed payment of previous federal government debts 32 President George Washington’s principal reason for issuing the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) was to (1) repay France for help in the Revolutionary War (2) protect United States interests in the Caribbean area (3) safeguard the newly won independence (4) punish the British for failing to withdraw from American territory 33 Base your answer to question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate [connect] ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes [changes] of her politics or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities [antagonisms]. ... - President George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 According to the passage, President Washington believed that the United States should (1) seek financial aid from European nations (2) end all existing European friendships (3) avoid involvement in the political disputes of Europe (4) discontinue commercial relations with Europe 34 Base your answer to the following question on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: The United States has enough problems of its own. We should keep out of the affairs of other countries. Speaker B: If we don't help this country fight off the Communists, the entire region will be overrun by communism. Speaker C: American businesses are producing more than they can sell. We need to acquire overseas markets. Speaker D: We must not join this international organization. If we do, Congress will lose its power to declare war. Which speaker's advice is most similar to that given by George Washington in 1796? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D Washington, Adams Presidencies 35 Alexander Hamilton urged Congress to pass a protective tariff to encourage the growth of what area? (1) labor unions (3) agriculture (2) manufacturing (4) slavery 36 A strict interpretation versus a loose interpretation of the Constitution was most evident in the debate over the (1) (2) (3) (4) creation of the Bank of the United States in 1791 decision to declare war on Great Britain in 1812 annexation of Florida in 1821 issuance of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 37 How did Alexander Hamilton's financial plan help to establish the credit of the United States Government? (1) (2) (3) (4) by providing for the payment of the nation's debts by taxing only the people most able to pay by favoring agriculture over industry by encouraging spending for national defense 38 Which action during Washington's administration led to the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania? (1) (2) (3) (4) passage of a new excise tax establishment of a presidential cabinet creation of the Bank of the United States ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory