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Learning Targets 20. Explain how habitat destruction, invasive species, and overexploitation lead to a loss of species. 21. Describe how human population size relates to the impact humans have on the environment. 22. Describe the causes of major environmental issues. (Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Acid rain, Eutrophication, Biological magnification) Biodiversity • ALL organisms in the ecosystem—with all possible gene variants • One of Earth’s greatest resources! • Threats • Endangered Species • Threatened Species Threats to Biodiversity • Habitat fragmentation • Habitats isolated— organisms can’t breed • Smaller the habitat → fewer species • Biological magnification • Toxic substances become more concentrated as they pass through food chain • DDT & Rachel Carson Threats to Biodiversity (cont.) • Introduced species • Invasive species— reproduce rapidly & outcompete natives • Zebra mussels! • Thistle, purple loosestrife, kudzu Other problems • Ozone depletion • CFC’s degraded atmospheric ozone— lets too much UV in→ cancers • Global warming • Greenhouse gases -cause atmosphere to warm up, ice shelves melt, deserts spread Resource Management • Renewable Resources • Can be regenerated or replenished • Non-renewable Resources • Cannot be replaced • Ex. Fossil fuels • Sustainable development • Using resources without using them up • No overexploitation Resource Management: Conservation • Habitat protection • Protect Keystone species • Species that can crash the ecosystem • Understand edge effect • Reduces habitat in wooded areas • Quail, pheasant • Habitat restoration Land Resources • Erosion • Plowing leaves soil exposed—erodes • Loss of fertile topsoil • Results in desertification Forest Resources • Provide wood, oxygen, niche for many organisms • Deforestation • Loss of wood/oxygen & biodiversity • Erosion of soil Fishery Resources • HUGE food resource • Overfishing will eliminate food fish by mid-century & crash ocean ecosystems • Solution: Aquaculture—grow food fish! • Not problem free