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Third Nine Weeks Exam Study Guide Skeletal System- (pg 474-481) 1. Which organ system makes blood cells? Skeletal System 2. What is the function of the skeletal system? To provide shape and support, enables body to move, protects the organs, produces blood cells, stores minerals like calcium 3. Much of a newborn baby’s skeleton is made of Cartilage 4. The spaces in bones are filled with a soft connective tissue called Marrow 5. The bones that form the backbone are called____Vertebrae____________ 6. Which type is related to the opening and closing of the door.? Name that joint .Hinge joint Joint A 7. .. 8. Which type of joint is Joint C? Ball and socket .. Which joint provides the greatest range of movement? Ball and socket 9. Muscular System-Pg 482-486 Which type of human body tissue can contract, or shorten? muscle 10... Where in the body is muscle type A (cardiac muscle) found? Heart 11.Which type of muscle tissue — A, B, or C — is found in the stomach? What is this type of muscle tissue called? B, Smooth muscle 12.. What is the job of the muscular system? Which muscle will help you write? Muscular system helps you move. Skeletal muscle-Muscle C Digestive system-pg 516-527 a. 13,Identify the structures through which food travels through the digestive tract. Which are the structures through which food does not travel. Esophagus-A, stomachB, small intestine-E, Large intestine-F, Rectum-D- Food does NOT travel through liver_-G , Pancreas-C 14What structure(s) enable(s) the small intestine to absorb large amounts of nutrients? Villi 15.. Which process takes place in the large intestine? .Water is absorbed, Vitamin K is produced 16What process involves muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus? Peristalsis 17What substance coats and protects the inside of the stomach? Mucus 18In what part of the body does most chemical digestion take place? small intestine 19.. What organ produces bile? Liver Respiratory System (pg 564-572 20 Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange occur? ALVEOLI 21.The dome-shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing is the DIAPHRAGM 22 What is the name of the small flap of tissue that seals off the trachea during swallowing? EPIGLOTTIS 23 Which parts of the respiratory system divide into smaller and smaller tubes in a pattern that resembles the branches of a tree? BRONCHI 24Hairlike structures that line the nasal cavities and trachea are called CILIA 25Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of CAPPILLARIES Circulatory System Pg 534-555 26. If a person’s blood lacked platelets, what process could not take place? Blood would not clot 27. What is the blood type of a person whose plasma contains only anti-B clumping proteins? Type A 28.Atherosclerosis is a condition in which ARTERY WALLS THICKEN DUE TO BUIDUP OF FATTY MATERIALS 29. Which structures prevents blood from flowing backward? VALVE 30. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs? Right ventricle 31. Which component of blood is 90 percent water? PLASMA Excretory System pg 579-583 32. What is structure A? KIDNEYS What is its function? To filter out waste like urea and to remove excess water 33. What is urea? Urea is a chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins. In which structure—A, B, C, or D—is it removed from the blood? KidneyA 34.What is the term for the tiny filtering structures that make up structure A? NEPHRONS Describe what happens in each of those structures. Blood flows in the kidney into tiny capillaries that are surrounded by a capsule that is connected to a tube(nephron). Waste is filtered out from the blood into the nephron In which excretory organ is urea removed? Kidneys 35. Which excretory organ eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration? Skin 36. What term do scientists use to describe the chemical process in which oxygen and glucose react to release energy inside body cells? Cellular Respiration Reproductive System ( pg 684-687) 37. Identify structure C and describe its function. Structure C is umbilical cord that contains blood vessels that link the fetus to the mother. 38. What is structure B? How does it protect the fetus? Structure B is amniotic sac that cushions, and protect the developing baby 39.What is structure D? What does it do during delivery? Structure D is the uterus .Muscles of the uterus contract and pushes the baby out during delivery. 40. Human eggs are usually fertilized in the fallopian tube Natural Selection-Pg 172-187 41 What are fossils? Fossils are preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. 42 What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time? Theory of evolution 43 If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms HAVE A COMMON ANCESTOR 44. The gradual change in a species over time is called EVOLUTION 45. What are the three things that are necessary for isolation and hence the formation of a species? Step 1-One member of the species is cut off from the rest of the species by things as rivers, volcano, or mountain ranges. Step 2-The cut off species need to adapt ,genetic changes occur and hence variation would occur. Step 3-The variations would them be passed on to the next generation