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Animal Cell Structure
&
Organelle Function
Animal Cell Structure
&
Organelle Function
Understand that the cell is the basic unit of life.
Learn that all living things are made up of cells.
Identify the structures of animal cells and the
organelles inside them.
Understand what the purpose of the cell
structures and organelles are.
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Use this button to move to slide 6 “The Animal Cell”
Cells
Organs
Tissue
Organ System
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus or
Golgi complex
Plasma membrane
Mitochondrion
Cytoskeleton

Microfilament

Intermediate
filament

Microtubule
Peroxisome
Centriole
Lysosome
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
 The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell.
 The nucleus controls many of the functions of the
cell (by controlling protein synthesis).
 The nucleus is a spherical body located centrally in
the cell. It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and
contains the nucleolus, which makes ribosomes.
 It contains DNA assembled into chromosomes.
 Ribosomes can be thought of as construction
workers, they build proteins to be used as enzymes or
as support for other cell functions.
 Ribosomes make proteins through a process called
protein synthesis.
 They can be found floating in the cytoplasm and on
the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
 The Golgi apparatus is a flattened,
layered, sac-like organelle that looks like
a stack of pancakes.
 The Golgi body modifies & packages
proteins and carbohydrates into
membrane-bound vesicles.
 The vesicles are either stored for later
use or sent out of the cell.
 It also builds lysosomes.
 The plasma membrane is like a plastic bag that holds
all of the cell pieces and fluids inside.
 All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane.
 The cell membrane is semi-permeable, it allows
some substances to pass into the cell and blocks
others.
 It is composed of a double layer of phospholipids
and embedded proteins.
Mitochondria is the plural form for
mitochondrion.

Mitochondria are known as the
powerhouses of the cell. They act like a
digestive system that takes in nutrients,
breaks them down, and creates energy
for the cell.

Mitochondria are spherical to rodshaped organelles with a double
membrane. The inner membrane is
infolded many times, forming a series of
projections called cristae.

 The
cytoskeleton is
composed of
microfilaments,
intermediate
filaments, and
microtubules.
 The cytoskeleton provides structure for the cell.
 They are small vesicles found around the cell.
 They have a single membrane that contains
digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic materials
in the cell.
 Peroxisomes hold on to enzymes that require
oxygen & absorb nutrients that the cell has acquired.
 There are two
centrioles present in
animal cells, they assist
the cell when it is time to
divide.
 Centrioles are made up
of microtubules.
 Lysosomes
are spherical organelles that hold the
enzymes created by the cell.
 They are basically specialized vesicles that hold a
variety of enzymes.
 Their purpose is to digest things – such as food or
the cell itself when it dies.
 The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a
packaging system.
 It is a vast system of interconnected, membranous,
infolded and twisted sacks that are located in the
cell's cytoplasm.
 The rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it
a rough appearance.
 The smooth endoplasmic reticulum acts as a storage
organelle, it is important in the creation and storage
of steroids.
 It is made of the same types of membranes as the
rough ER, but the smooth ER looks more like tubes
 The smooth ER controls the level of calcium in
muscles and detoxifies poisons, alcohol, and drugs. It
also makes proteins and lipids that will be exported by
the cell.
Which type of the endoplasmic
reticulum is covered in ribosomes?
What organelle is known as the cell’s
powerhouse?
What organelle has the purpose of
digestion?
Which organelle is responsible to
build lysosomes?
 http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
 http://www.biologyjunction.com/unit3_cells.htm
 http://www.wisc-
online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11403
 http://www.animalport.com/animal-cells.html
 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html
Rader, A. (n.d.). Biology4kids.com. Retrieved from
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
Cell structure & function. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.biologyjunction.com/unit3_cells.htm