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Download Nervous System Exam _Final Exam_ Review
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Name Date Nervous System Exam Review Terms Cerebrum Cerebellum Electrolytes Sodium-potassium pump Electrochemical gradient Threshold Grey Matter White matter Commissures Gyri Sulci Fissures Ventricles Dura Mater Cerebrospinal Fluid Broca’s Areas Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal Body Association Fibers Projection Fibers Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata Limbic System Amygdala Cingulate Gyrus Meninges Blood-Brain Barrier Proprioreception Nerve Pathways and Divisions – Know the general function of each Afferent Efferent Sensory Motor Associative Neurons Somatosensory Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Neuroglia – Cell types (both CNS and PNS) Myelin Nodes of Ranvier Spinal cord Dorsal and Ventral Roots Meninges Cauda equina Somatotopy White matter Grey matter Ascending vs. descending pathways Concepts 1. How do graded potentials and an action potentials differ in regards to nerve function? 2. What are the physiological steps leading to the generation of an action potential? C D B F A E 3. How are action potentials transferred between neurons? 4. What are endorphins and where are they released? 5. What advantage does myelination give to axons? 6. Name five stimuli that can cause sensory cells to generate an action potential. What are names of these receptors? 7. How does the brain perceive a nerve that fires with high vs. low frequency upon being stimulated? 8. How are axons arranged in peripheral nerves? 9. What are dermatomes and how are they useful in diagnostics? 10. How are coordinated movements such as catching a fly ball, and very crude movements, such as walking, generated by the nervous system? 11. What is the main difference between a voluntary movement and a reflex? 12. Be able to label the major functional areas of the spinal cord (in cross-section). 13. Name one effect of both sympathetic vs, parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. 14. Be able to discuss how the organs of the special senses (taste, smell, vision, hearing) are able to convert information from the environment (the presence of chemicals in solution or in the air, light, and sound) into a stimulus that can be interpreted by the brain. 15. What are the functional differences between the ascending and descending pathways of the spinal cord? 16. What is a concussion? 17. What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord? 18. What is an epidural and how does it work to block pain? 19. What substances should you NOT see in the CSF when performing a spinal tap? 20. Where are memories stored?
