Download AG-GH-PS-01.461-08.2p Insect_Powerpoint

Where to look - Pests!
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Insects
Nematodes
Weeds
Diseases
Rodents and other small mammals
Original Presentation by Virginia Tech
Modified by the Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office
November 2005
August 2008
Basic classification
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
• Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk
August 2008
Starting at the beginning:
• 4 types of Phyla:
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Arthropoda ( insects, spiders, mites, millipedes)
Aschelminthes (roundworms)
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms)
Mollusca (snails, slugs, clams)
• Arthropoda Phyla is divided into classes:
– Crustacea (Crayfish, sowbugs)
– Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites)
– Insecta ( bugs, beetles, butterflies)
August 2008
Classification cont.
• Insecta Class is divided into Orders:
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August 2008
Orthoptera (grasshoppers)
Homoptera (aphids)
Coleoptera (beetles)
Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies)
Diptera (flies)
Dermoptera (earwigs)
Hemiptera (true bugs)
Hymenoptera (ants, bees)
Rules to fall into Classes and
Orders
• Arachnida:
– must have 2 body segments or parts
– must have 4 pairs of legs
– *some mites are major plant pests
• Insects:
– all have three body regions: head, thorax,
abdomen
– 3 pairs of legs
– 1 pair of antennae
– 0 to 2 pairs of wings
August 2008
Head Body Parts
• Antennae: segmented, vary in form.
– Primarily the smell organ
• Mouthparts:
– rasping-sucking
– chewing-lapping
– piercing-sucking
August 2008
Body Parts
• Thorax: made of 3 sections, each
containing a pair of legs
– legs are jointed
– used for digging, feeling, swimming, and
cleaning
• Wings - differ for each insect
– serve as an identification tool
– “-ptera” means with wings
August 2008
Metamorphosis
• Development of the body after birth
• Gradual (or incomplete) - insect’s life cycle
changes from egg through the nymph to adult
– nymph, similar to adult except for size and color
– aphids, leafhoppers, mole crickets
• Complete - 4 life stages
– egg, larvae, pupae, adult
– larvae looks nothing like adult
– pupae is a transformation stage
– caterpillars-moths, grubs-beetles, maggots-flies
August 2008
Beneficial Insects
• Not all insects are bad for agriculture
• They help:
– pollinate plants
– improve soil
– destroy harmful insects
August 2008
Other types of pests
• Nematodes
Southern root-knot
nematodes on pepper
plant roots.
• Weeds
This weed is leafy
spurge.
August 2008
Other types of pests
• Diseases
• Rodents and other
animals
August 2008