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Kingdom Animalia
Invertebrates
Animals without a backbone - make up
97% of all animal species. Divided into
groups called Phyla.
Phylum Porifera - Sponges
- means "pore - bearing"
- simplest group of invertebrates
- anchored to same spot for life
Phylum Cnidaria
- means "nettle", all of them have
stinging cells called nematocysts
- contain a body cavity with only one
opening; food goes in and wastes come
out.
Types of Cnidarians
1. Hydra - tiny, freshwater polyp. Can regrow
body parts (like the hydra)
2. Jellyfish - The box jelly is the most poisonous
animal in the world.
3. Coral - soft- bodied, but have hard protective
coat of limestone that form huge coral reefs. Live
in colonies that grow in various shapes, colors and
sizes
- Algae live inside its body and help it make
food, but the algae need sunlight, so the coral
can't grow too deep. This is a symbiotic
relationship. (Mutualism)
4. Sea Anemones - looks like underwater flower, but the
"petals" are stinging tentacles.
- clown fish live among the tentacles, safe
from predators, but attracting fish (mutualism)
Worms
There are 3 phyla that are worm like:
1. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
- flat bodies
- Planaria, lives in water and is so
simple that they can regenerate their
body parts.
- Flukes and tapeworms, are
parasites; one species can grow to 18
meters (54 feet) and lives in all mammals,
even whales.
2. Nematodes: Roundworms
- round like spaghetti, means
"threadlike"
- very common, second only to
insects in number of species
- may live anywhere, some
parasitic
- pinworms, hookworms; Trichina
in pork
3. Annelids: Segmented worms
- live in soil or water
- means "ringed", like an
earthworm, sand worms, or leeches
- more complex, have a coelom,
closed circulatory system and a simple
brain.
MOLLUSKS
- have soft body with a hard shell
(usually)
- have thick muscular foot to help them
move or bury in sand
- has a head region with mouth and eyes
- has a mantle that produces the shell
Three Types of Mollusks
1. Gastropods - (snails and slugs)
- has 1 shell or no shell
- has radula, a tongue like rasp that files
off plant matter to eat
2. Bivalve - (clams, mussels, oysters)
- has 2 shells
- move by clapping shells together to
propel through water.
- no radula, they are filter feeders
3. Cephalopods - (octopus, squid, and
nautilus)
- all have tentacles to move and capture
food
- octopus has 8 tentacles, squid 10,
nautilus has 38 to 90
Echinoderms
Spiny Skinned Animals
- sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea
cucumbers
- has water vascular system and tube
feet to help animal move, eat and
breathe.
Arthropods
- have jointed legs
- exoskeleton of chitin
- simple or compound eye
- antennae that respond to touch, taste
or smell
Types of Arthropods
1. Centipedes - have 1 pair of legs
per segment and flat body
2. Millipedes - has 2 pair of legs per
segment and round body
3. Crustaceans - shrimp, barnacles,
crabs, lobsters. Have 2 pair of
antennae, mandibles and compound eyes
at the end of stalks.
4. Arachnids - spiders, scorpions,
mites, ticks. Has cephalothorax, 4 pair
of legs, and chelicerae. simple eyes.
5.
Insects -
INSECTS
- more insects than all other animals
combined
Anatomy
- body is divided into 3 sections
head, thorax, abdomen
- has 6 legs
- has different types of mouth parts:
chewing, piercing and sucking, long
tongues for nectar, or no mouth parts
- simple eyes (detect light and dark)
and compound eyes (color and motion)
- most have wings: 1 or 2 pairs of all
types
- open circulatory system (not
contained in vessels) that carry food
but not oxygen.
- Oxygen diffuse through holes in
exoskeleton called spiracles.
Growth and Development
- grow fast and must shed exoskeleton
(called molting) to grow
- Metamorphosis is a change in
appearance during the life stages (like
a caterpillar to a butterfly. ex. egg
to larvae to pupa to adult)
Insect Behavior
- most insects live alone, only come
together to mate
- insects give off pheromones (a
scent) to attract mates. Some can
be smelled 11 km away.
- some insects are social and live
in colonies or hives (ants,
termites, bees, wasps). They could
not live on their own and dependent
on others for survival. Highly
organized with delegated jobs.
Defense Mechanisms- stingers,
poisonous, camouflage, eyespots,s
spray foul chemicals