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... ... air mass large body of air with the same temperature and humidity across air pressure - the pressure caused by the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area; - decreases with altitude (height). anemometer measures wind speed atmosphere the envelope of gases that surrounds Earth atmospheric pressure the amount of pressure one feels due to the mass of the atmosphere atom The smallest particle of an element. barometer measures air pressure climate long-term average weather in an area cold front - cold air pushes away warm air; - steep and fast-moving; - heavy rain, often with thunderstorms; - in winter may bring heavy snowfall. condensation Gas to Liquid; gas gets colder and changes back to liquid , forming clouds condensing The process by which a substance changes from its gas phase to its liquid phase drought a long period of unusually dry weather evaporating changing from a liquid to a gas, gradually, at any temperature evaporation The change of a liquid to a gas; the sun heats up and turns it into vapor(gas) freezing Change from liquid to solid front where two different air masses meet gas In this state of matter the molecules are spread out and they move fast. The warmer it is the more the more the molecules spread out and the faster they move. As it cools the molecules come closer together and tend to slow down. This state of matter disperses into the space that it is in. No definite shape or volume. global warming a gradual increase in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere greenhouse effect the process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by gases that form a "blanket" around Earth humidity - amount of moisture in the air; hydrologic The cycle through which water in the hydrosphere moves; includes such processes as evaporation, precipitation, and surface and groundwater runoff jet stream fast moving stream of wind where cold, polar air meets warm air from the equator liquid In this state of matter the molecules are loosely linked. They move more slowly. As it gets warmer they spread out. If it cools they get closer together. This state of matter takes the shape of its container. Liquids have definite volume but not definite shape. mass A measure of the amount of matter in an object matter Anything that has volume and mass. Anything that takes up space. melting The change in state from a solid to a liquid mesosphere "shooting stars" can be seen in mesosphere occluded front - warm air mass trapped between two cold air masses, without contact with the ground; - chaotic weather with variable precipitation. ozone layer a layer of O3 molecules. highest concentration of ozone is found in the stratosphere. phase changes transitions from one state to another polar dry, cold climate zone above 60 degree latitude precipitation Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface like hail, snow, sleet, rain;clouds get heavy and the air cannot hold it anymore relative humidity a percentage of the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at its current temperature and pressure runoff Part of the water cycle where an excess of water runs down and does not sink into the soil and eventually makes it to the rivers, lakes, and oceans. solid In this state of matter the particles are tightly linked together. They vibrate. The colder it gets the closer together the molecules get and the less they vibrate. This state of matter holds its own shape and volume. stationary front - cold and warm air masses are unable to push each other away; - chaotic weather with winds and precipitation, that may change rapidly. stratosphere Contains highest levels of ozone temperate seasonably variable climate zone between 40 and 60 degrees latitude, north or south of the equator thermosphere known for its high temperatures transpiration Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant tropical warm, moist climate zone within 20 degrees latitude, north or south of the equator troposphere lowest level of the atmosphere weather happens here volume The amount of space an object takes up warm front - warm air pushes away cold air; - light and steady precipitation; - slow-moving and shallow. weather - on-going changes in atmospheric conditions; - fluctuations in temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, cloud coverage, or precipitation; - takes place mostly in troposphere (bottom layer of atmosphere). weather maps - position and movement of weather fronts; - centers of high and low pressure; - temperature and precipitation. wind vane measures wind direction