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Name ____________________________ Chapter 7 Study Guide (Weather) 1. The lowest layer in the atmosphere is the _____troposphere________________. 2. A thermometer measures _______air temperature_______________________. 3. A ____barometer____________ measures air pressure. 4. A rain gauge measures _________precipitation__________________________. 5. A ___hygrometer_____________ measures humidity. 6. A wind vane measures ___wind direction______________ and an anemometer measures _____wind speed________________________. 7. What kind of weather can be expected with low pressure? __warm, rainy, stormy weather__________________________________ 8. Compare and Contrast the climate of the United States to the climate around the equator. __Equator:tropical, warm, and wet year round US: warm summers, cool winters, precipitation year round_______________________________________________ 9. Explain step by step how clouds form. __Water vapor is carried to the atmosphere; the droplets get colder and slow down. When they slow down they start to condense around dust particles-forming clouds. 10. Explain how lightning causes thunder. __Lightning raises the temperature of the air around it so it becomes very hot suddenly. This makes the air expand violently-resulting in thunder. ______________ 11. A __thunderstorm____ may occur when warm air rises, carrying moisture with it. Name ____________________________ 12. Average temperature and rainfall are two important variables for determining an area’s __climate________________. 13. Energy from the sun that reaches the Earth’s surface is called _insolation_______. 14. An air mass is a large region of air with similar temperature and humidity.______ 15. A storm with winds blowing faster than 74 mph is classified as a __hurricane____. 16. A rain shadow is the dry area on the leeward side of a mountain_______________ 17. A constant stream of moving water in the ocean is called a _current____________.