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LS: Investigation 1, Part 1 Vocabulary cell: the basic unit of life oxygen: the atmospheric gas needed by most living cells carbon dioxide: a waste gas produced by living cells heart: a muscular organ that contracts rhythmically, producing a pulse with each contraction blood: a liquid tissue that flows to and from cells in blood vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries chambers of the human heart: four chambers, right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle circulatory system: includes tissues (blood and blood vessels) and organs (heart) that transport life-support substances to cells and removes waste. respiratory system: includes tissues and organs (lungs) that provide gas exchange between the blood and atmosphere. Content Entries What do cells need to stay alive? Water, food, oxygen, and waste disposal. How do cells get the things they need to survive? The circulatory system delivers water, sugar, and oxygen to cells and carries waste carbon dioxide away from cells. What is the general path taken by blood through the circulatory system? From the body to the right atrium of the heart, to the right ventricle, to the lungs, to the left atrium, to the left ventricle into the arteries that flow into capillaries, which are in contact with cells. Blood returns to the heart in the veins. LS: Investigation 1, Part 2 Vocabulary Digestive system: disassembles food into nutrients that cells can use Mouth and teeth: moisten and crush food before it moves through the esophagus to the stomach Digestive Juices: release nutrients into the bloodstream along with the help of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine Colon: compacts and dehydrates food waste Kidney: filters cellular waste from the blood and turns it into urine which is stored in the bladder Content Entries How do cells in humans get the nutrients they need? The digestive system reduces food to nutrients. Nutrients pass out of the digestive system into the blood stream for transport to all the cells. How does the digestive system work? Physical and chemical processes break complex food into simple substances as it progresses from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and colon. How are cellular wastes removed from the blood? Blood filters through the kidneys, which remove cellular wastes, convert them into urine, and store them in the bladder. WP: Investigation 2, Part 1 Vocabulary Cross section: cuts across an object and exposes its internal structure Vascular plant: a multicellular plant that has vessels for transporting water, minerals, and sugar to all its cells Xylem: tubes to transport water and minerals to cells Phloem: tubes to transport sugar to cells Sap: sugar-rich liquid flowing in the phloem Content Entries What structures do vascular plants have for transporting water? Internal tubes called xylem carry water and minerals from plant’s roots to its leaves. What structures do vascular plants have for transporting sugar? Internal tubes called phloem carry sugar-rich sap from a plant’s cells that produce sugar to its cells that do not produce sugar. WP: Investigation 2, Part 2 Vocabulary classify: how scientists put things into groups by similar properties or behavior Classifications of vascular plants’ leaves: palmate, pinnate, parallel Content Entries How do scientists organize objects and information? Scientists classify things by putting them in groups (classes) based on similar properties and behaviors. WP: Investigation 3, Part 1 Vocabulary food: the source of energy and building materials for living cells photosynthesis: a chemical process in which cells produce energy-rich sugar molecules and release oxygen fat and protein: groups of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development mass: a quantity of matter sunlight: solar energy from the sun starches: chemicals produced by plants to store food molecule: a particle made of two or more atoms. A sugar molecule is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms Content Entries What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process in which sugar (food) is made from carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy, and oxygen is released. WP: Investigation 3, Part 2 Vocabulary yeast: a single celled organism cellular respiration: the process by which plant and animal cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process Content Entries What is cellular respiration? Cellular respiration is the process by which plant and animal cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.