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https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/globe.html#/ms026/
Click on this link to learn about Persian Empire.
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500 BC
There was no known invasion of Britain by the Celts; they probably gradually infiltrated
into British society through trade and other contact over a period of several hundred
years. Druids were the intellectual class of the Celts (their own word for themselves,
meaning "the hidden people").
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https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/globe.html#/ms036/
Click on this link to learn about the Celts.
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510 BC
Rome defeats the Etruscan city of Veii after 80 years of war and starts the eventual
rise of Rome. The Etruscans were skilled engineers and craftsmen. Many of the
"Roman" innovations, like their numerals, were really taken from the Etruscans.
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400BC - 300 BC
The name “Gaul” corresponded to a cultural and military area founded on a
common religion and federations of peoples who though that they had a common
origin. Their culture spread slowly across the area of the future territory of Gaul.
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400BC - 300 BC
Gaul is the name given by the Romans to the territories where the Celtic Gauls lived,
including present France, Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland,
Germany on the west bank of the Rhine, and the Po Valley, in present Italy. The ancient
limits of Gaul were the Rhine River and the Alps on the east, the Mediterranean Sea, the Po
Valley and the Pyrenees on the south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west and North.
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338 BC
Philip of Macedon conquers Greece in the battle of Chaeronea.
Alexander the Great, his son, is 18 years old at the time.
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October 1, 331 BC
Alexander's 35,000 troops fight Darius's 200,000 in the battle of Gaugamela. Darius
has leveled the wide plain to allow better use of his chariots and superior numbers.
Alexander leads his troops off to the edge of the prepared field. This tactic opens a
gap in the Persian lines that Alexander drives into, threatening King Darius himself.
In panic Darius flees. Seeing their king depart, some in the Persian army scatter.
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332 BC
Alexander the Great conquers Egypt.
The Greeks bring coinage into Egypt for the first time.
Trade and wealth begins to pour into Greece.
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323 BC
Alexander dies near Babylon and is reported
to have left kingdom, "to the best".
Four of his generals carve up the empire and
usher in the Hellenistic period.
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https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/globe.html#/ms010/
Click on this link to learn about China.
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221 BC
Qin Shi Huang unites all of china under his rule. He standardizes units of measure,
coinage, and the Chinese script. Qin improves commerce by creating an extensive
network of roads and canals. On the dark side, he burns books, kills scholars, and
causes famine by his many public works projects like the Great Wall.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLMVZohnCwA
Click on this link to learn about the Great Wall of China.
13
55 BC
Gaius Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice –
in 55 and 54BC.
The first of these incursions was little more than a
reconnaissance mission, which established a
beachhead on the Kent coast but went no further. The
second proved more enduring, resulting in the defeat
of Cassivellaunus, and his replacement with the more
Roman-friendly Mandubracius.
But having won a military victory, the Romans then
left Britain.
They would not return for many years yet to come.
Click on this link to learn more about Rome and Britain.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyfMEuWy5eM
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52 BC
Battle of Alesia - Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, retreats to a natural
fortress at Alesia. Reinforcements for the Gauls start to arrive, and Caesar
orders his men to build fortifications on the other side. The Romans are now
trapped inside a "donut" with Gauls on the inside and outside. Caesar narrowly
wins the battle through a personal charge with his German cavalry.
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52 BC
Vercingetorix lays down his arms in front of Julius Caesar
Painting representing Vercingetorix giving his weapons to Cesar. It is a symbolic
gesture to show he surrenders. Gradually, the cultures of the Gauls and the
Romans merged to create what is known as the Gallo-Roman society. The Romans
brought roads, bridges and baths to Gaul, whilst the Gauls shared their
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craftsmanship. Gaul then experienced three centuries of peace.
51 BC
Cleopatra & Ptolemy XII inherit Egypt. Ptolemy was the name of Alexander
the Great's general who "inherited" Egypt. Cleopatra was the name of
Alexander the Great's sister. Almost three centuries later, the Greek influence
in Egypt was still strong.
17
http://www.biography.com/people/cleopatra-vii-9250984
Click on this link to learn about Cleopatra, Greece & Rome.
18
33 BC
Jesus Christ, founder of modern Christianity is born in Bethlehem, Judea.
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31 BC
Against all odds, Octavian (of Rome) defeats Antony (a Roman who fled to Egypt)
at battle of Actium. Antony’s soldiers lose heart when Antony leaves the fight to
follow Cleopatra who is fleeing the battle.
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Credit: National Geographic.
Click on this link for more detailed information as to each time period.
https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html
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