Download Nonverbal Communication

•People had been
aware of effect of NV
for centuries
•Shakespeare—
“Beware of
Cassius…lean and
hungry look about
him” J. Caesar
•Began as a legitimate
study in 1951 with
Reusch and Keen’s book
Nonverbal
Communication.
•Divided the study into
chapters according to
type (gestures,
appearance, posture, etc)
•
In 1960’s, people thought EVERY movement had
communicative value
•
Mortenson (U.W.) said physical behavior could be divided into:
1. Random Behavior (a gesture which happens a few times and
has no pattern and, obviously, does NOT communicate
2. Idiosyncratic Behavior (a habit/idiosyncrasy familiar to an
individual
3. Nonverbal Communication (have “shared significance”)
Stephen R. Covey
•Only 10 percent of our communication is represented
by the words we say, another 30 percent by our
sounds, and 60 percent by body language.
•Manages Immediate Social Situation
•Expresses attitude
•Expresses emotional states
•Self-Presentation (occupation, personality, cliques, etc)
•Sustains verbal communication
•Floor apportionment (who has the floor)
•Feedback
•Signaling attentiveness
•Replaces verbal message
To exclude “How can you keep someone out nonverbally?”
To include “How can you invite someone in nonverbally into a
conversation?”
To put down “How can you put down nonverbally?”
To build up “How can you build up nonverbally?”
To reveal self “How do you greet someone after they were gone a long
time?”
To conceal self “Have you ever tried to bluff your way out of a
situation?”
•Paralanguage
•Proxemics
•Body Language
•Appearance
•Gesture
•Facial Expression
Paralanguage is the tonal meaning behind what we
say.
• The meaning is not what we say but how we
“Which is
say it.
“How are you today?”
“Fine”
more
important,
what we say or
how we say
it?”
EMOTION
ANGER
Participants A, B, and
C will recite the
following sentence
using different
emotions. “Dude.”
Judging by the voice
ALONE, identify
each emotion for each
participant.
JOY
SORROW
FRUSTRATION
INDIFFERENCE
CURIOSITY
FEAR
DISGUST
A
B
C
“What
determines
how close
you stand to
•Spatial relations can be used to control/distribute power someone?”
•The better we know someone, the closer we allow them into our
personal space
•Intimate space 0 – 1.5 ft
•Rules depend on the culture
America is the least contact nation
•Personal Space 1.5 – 4 ft
•Social space 4 –12 ft
•Public space over 12 ft
•Don’t always have control over spatial relations
•The study of personal space and how we structure
that space around us.
•Depends on how you are raised.
•Much is cultural—some require more; some less
•Americans use a grid system for their streets; concerns with
lines, we name and number streets.
•Japanese name intersections
•France is like a wheel (similar to Madison with streets
spoking from capitol
•This CAN affect how we structure space in interpersonal
interactions
1. List ways animals mark their territory.
2. Think of three ways you mark your territory
(fences, names on folders, posters on bedroom
walls, etc)
3. Why the innate need to mark what is ours?
4. Think of three “unassigned assigned” seats—
those places no one assign to us yet we feel
more comfortable if we continually sit there
(church pew, place in car, lunch table, etc)
“What does arms
crossed mean?”
•The better you know someone, the
more accurate the interpretation.
•Not always 100% accurate.
•Not always consciously used.
•Reflects on your personality
•Is your initial first impression
•Sets a tone
•Dress code
•Uniforms (baseball managers)
“Is it right to judge
people based on looks
alone?”
Have different meanings
Varies by culture
Develops over time
Handshakes communicate a great
deal
“What are some hand
gestures you use for
different situations?”
• Not always consciously
controlled
• Not 100% accurate
Signaling with the eyes gains
recognition
Varies by culture
•“
“What would you do in
the hallway if someone
you want to avoid is
approaching and he/she
hasn’t seen you yet?”
•R repeat or support contradict
•R replace
regulate
•A accurate message construction
“If someone looks at
his watch while your
speaking, it means…”