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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Actions speaks more than
words!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
• DEFINITION
• includes all nonverbal stimuli in a communicative setting generated by an
individual and the individual's use of environment.
• includes intentional and unintentional nonverbal messages.
Functions
• REPEATS what was said verbally
• COMPLEMENTS what was said verbally
• CONTRADICTS what was said verbally
• SUBSTITUTES for what would be said verbally
• REGULATES and MANAGES the communication event
CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
• Often culturally derived--can vary in meaning by culture.
• Often the opposite to the verbal message.
• Almost impossible not to use NVC.
• Up to 70 or 80% of communication, between native speakers, is NVC.
II. Specific Nonverbal Components
Proxemics
Haptics
Kinesics
Chronomics
Proxemics
• The use of space in communication. There are 4 kinds of space:
• intimate,
• personal,
• social,
• public.
Hall’s Personal Space Categories (U.S)
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance
45 cm
45 -120 cm
120 cm - 3 m
>3 metre ’
Haptics
The use of touch in communications.
• Haptics or touch refers to communicating
through the use of bodily contact .
• Some cultures are very comfortable with
bodily contact; others avoid it.
In gestures (1991), Roger Axtell has classified the following cultures as “touch” and “don’t
touch.
DON’T
TOUCH
Japan
United States
Canada
England
Avustralia
MIDDLE
GROUND
France
China
Ireland
İndia
TOUCH
Middle East
Countries
Latin
Countries
Italy
Greece
Some Assian
Countries
A different approach fromWatson, O. Michael,he has classified the following
cultures as “contact groups” and “non contact groups”
• Contact groups: Arabs: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab
Republic; Latin Americans: Bolivia, Cuba, Equador, El Salvador,
Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela; Southern
Europeans: French, Italian, Turkish.
• Non Contact Groups: Asian: China, Indonesia, Japan, Phillipines,
Thailand; Northern Europeans: Austrailia, England, Germany, the
Netherlands, Norway, Scotland; Americans are also similar to this
group; Indians and Pakistans
Kinesics
The use of your body in communication, or body movements.
• Kinesics, or body language, is one of the most powerful ways that humans
can communicate nonverbally. It is used to portray moods and emotions
and to emphasize or contradict what is being said.
• 1. body gestures
• 2. facial expression
• 3. eye contact
• 4. posture
A. body gestures
• HAND GESTURES
• Hands and arms are used by most of us to communicate our thoughts, people
rubbing arms together, keeping their arms closed, clinching the fists all these
tell what the person has on his mind.
•The open palm has been
associated with truth, honesty,
allegiance and submission.
Hand Gestures
Do’s:
Don'ts:
•gesture naturally
•gesture nervously
•gesture to reinforce your
content
tugging your ear
scratching your arm
licking your lips
•keep your hands in
any one position for
too long
describing size or shape
emphasizing an important
point
enumerating a list
pointing to a specific
item in your visual aid
pocket change jingle"
use stylized, constantly
repeating gestures
'Dominant Palm Gesture'
'Submissive Palm Gesture'
'Authoritative Palm Gesture'
Positive Attitude
Negative Attitude
B. Facial Expressions
• The face and eyes convey the most expressive types of body
language. Research conducted by Leathers (1976) determined these
ten types of meaning can be communicated by facial expressions;
•
•
•
•
•
•
Happiness
Fear
Sadness
Anger
Surprise
Disgust
C.Eye Contact
The business gaze
The social gaze
The intimate gaze
The Shut Others Gestures
D. Posture
• Posture the way someone stands, sits or walks, can send positive or
negative nonverbal messages
• Posture can convey self- confidence, status and interest
• Confident people generally have a relaxed posture, yet stand errect
and walk with assuarance.
• Walking with stopped shoulders and slow, hesitating gait projects
such negative messages as lack of assurance and confidence
Chronemics
• The use of time in communication.
• Hall (1983) distinguished 2 patterns of time that govern different
cultures: Monochronic Time Schedule and Polychronic Time Schedule
Monochronic and Polychronic
Monochronic
Does one thing at a time.
Time is very serious!
Job tends to be more
important than family
even.
Privacy is extremely
important.
(United States, Germany,
Scandinavia and Switzerland. )
Polychronic
Does several things at a
time.
Time is important but not
sacred.
Family and interpersonal
relationships are more
important than work.
(Latin Americans,
Mediterranean people,
Arabians)