Download Heart Study Guide

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Heart Study Guide
Test Date:_____________________
Know the following Vocabulary:
Artery: a blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart
and to other parts of the body
Vein: a blood vessel that returns the blood to the heart.
Capillary: a tiny blood vessel that connects arteries to veins.
Blood Pressure: the pressure that is caused by blood pressing
against the walls of blood vessels.
Pulse: the throbbing of arteries caused by the heartbeat.
Red Blood Cells: cells in the blood that carry oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
Hemoglobin: a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
White Blood Cells: cells in the blood that produce antibodies.
Antibody: a protein on the surface of cells that help fight bacteria
and viruses.
Plasma: a yellowish liquid that is 90% water and makes up the
portion of blood that is not red or white blood cells or platelets. It
carries nutrients to the cells and carries wastes away from them.
Platelets: cells that cause the blood to coagulate so that you do
not lose a lot of blood after a wound.
Coagulate: the clumping of blood to form a solid mass also known
as clotting.
Liver: an organ that removes and breaks down potentially toxic
substances in the body and converts them to harmless waste
products (cleans your blood)
Spleen: the organ that is the disposal site for worn-out red blood
cells and also acts as a filter, trapping bacteria and viruses that
are transported in the blood
Transfusion: The transferring of blood or blood parts from one
person to another.
Label the heart using the following vocabulary words:
• Aorta
• Right Atrium
• Left Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Left Ventricle
RIGHT
ATRIUM
LEFT
ATRIUM
Explain how blood travels through the body.
1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body.
2. Blood travels to the right ventricle.
3. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where it picks
up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide.
4. Then the blood goes back into the heart from the lungs by
entering the left atrium.
5. The blood then gets pumped into the left ventricle and with
one strong pump the blood goes out of the heart through the
aorta to the rest of the body.
Diagram of the Heart
LEFT
ATRIUM
RIGHT
ATRIUM
Who was William Harvey and what important discovery did
he make?
William Harvey was a scientist who studied the body in the early
17th Century. He discovered that the heart pumped blood through
the body.
Explain how your heart reacts when you exercise and why
this happens.
When you exercise your heart rate increases because your body
needs more oxygen when it works harder. Red blood cells carry
the oxygen and the heart pumps those through the body. The
faster the heart pumps the more oxygen the body gets.
What is one thing that can cause a heart attack and how
can you prevent it?
• Cholesterol/unhealthy fats can build up on the walls of the
blood vessels causing them to harden and become narrower
or even block them.
o Eating healthy foods that are low in cholesterol can help
prevent build up in the arteries.
o Exercise strengthens your heart to work more efficiently.
Name the four main blood types.
The four blood types are A, AB, B, and O.