Download SBI 3U Genetics Review Questions LG #1: DNA

SBI 3U Genetics Review Questions
LG #1: DNA Structure
1. Identify the three components of a DNA molecule. Describe the types of bonds that hold these components
together.
2. Identify the structures of adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. Which nucleotides pair-up?
3. What is the shape of a DNA molecule like? Describe it.
4. How does DNA condense from chromatin form during interphase to the shortened and thickened chromosomes
found in metaphase?
LG #2: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
1. What are the stages of the cell cycle. What happens in each stage of interphase?
2. Name the 4 stages of mitosis. Describe the position of the chromosomes in each stage that would help to identify
which stage of mitosis a cell is in. Be able to label the phases in a diagram.
3. What is interphase? What is happening to the cell during interphase?
LG #3: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
1. Describe the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. Give advantages and disadvantages of each.
2. Name and describe the 5 methods of asexual reproduction. Give advantages and disadvantages of each.
LG#4: Meiosis
1. Be able to order and identify the stages of Meiosis I and Meiosis II, and describe what events occur in each of the
stages with respect to homologues and sister chromatids
2. Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis, with respect to the types of cells involved, number of
divisions, number of cells resulting, chromosomes numbers in the parent, chromosome numbers in the offspring.
3. Recognize the different phases of both mitosis and meiosis. Be able to label.
4. What is the difference between haploid and diploid? 57. Why is meiosis necessary?
6. Describe the process of synapsis and crossing over. What advantages and possible disadvantages does this
process have?
LG#5: Chromosomes and karyotypes
1. What stage of mitosis is used to view chromosomes for a karyotype? Why?
2. Describe the 3 characteristics of chromosomes that allows them to be sorted.
3. Describe the arrangement and number of chromosomes in a karyotype for a healthy male and a healthy female.
4. Be able to identify disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities (structural eg. Deletion, inversion, duplication,,
translocation, and number eg. aneuploidy, polyploidy)
LG#6: Mendel
1. Who was the first to demonstrate the basis of heredity? Why were his experiments successful?
2. What are his 2 laws? When is the 2nd law not true?
3. What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
4. Define the following terms: viability, P generation, F generation, pure-breeding, hybrid, gene, allele, genotype,
phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dihybrid.
5. . Explain how different genotypes can give the same phenotype.
6. Know how to perform crosses using a Punnett Square for monohybrid and dihybrid test crosses, be familiar with the
genotypic and phenotypic ratios for the cross of two heterozygous parents for a single trait and for two traits.
7. Know how to read/construct/analyse a pedigree for mode of transmission (autosomal dominant, autosomal
recessive, sex-linked.)
8. What is the purpose of a test cross? How is one done?
9. Describe the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance, sex linkage and multiple alleles. Be able
to use punnet squares find probabilities of inhertitance.
LG#7-8: Genetics and Technology
1. Describe (briefly) genetic screening, genetic counseling and genetic therapy.
2. Describe (briefly) the different prenatal screening procedures.
3. What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project? Dolly?
4. How are bacterial plasmids and restriction enzymes used in genetic technology?
5. What is gene therapy? Stem-cell research?
Review
* Notes from “PGD” article
* The quizzes and homework.
* Practice for the test: do the review questions for each chapter and for the unit (New Text: Biology Source 11)
Page 124-125, # 11, 12, 13, 15, 25, 27, 31, 36
Page 152-153, #8, 11, 19, 25, 28, 29, 33
Page 176-17 #3, 6, 7, 14, 16, 18, 20, 28
Unit Review page 179-183 # 15, 21, 40, 45, 52, 61, 66, 69