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Topic 7 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Glossary of terms: Nuclide: A particular combination of protons and neutrons that form a nucleus. Isotope: Nuclei with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Nucleon: A particle found in the nucleus (i.e. a proton or neutron). Nucleon number (A) The number of protons plus neutrons in a nucleus Proton number (Z): The number of protons in a nucleus. Neutron number (N): The number of neutrons in a nucleus. Radioactive half-life: The time taken for half the original nuclei in a sample to decay. Artificial (induced) transmutation: The change of a nucleus from one form to another due to the bombardment of a material with high energy particles. Unified atomic mass unit: One atomic mass unit is defined as being one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. -27 2 (1amu = 1.66 x 10 kg = 931.5 MeV/c ) Mass defect: The difference between the rest mass of an atomic nucleus and the sum of the rest masses of its individual nucleons in the unbound state. Binding energy: The amount of work required to pull apart the constituent particles in a nucleus. Binding energy per nucleon: The binding energy of a nucleus divided by nucleon number of the nucleus. The binding energy per nucleus gives the average energy lost by each nucleon when brought together to form the nucleus. Topic 13 Quantum & Nuclear Physics (SL Option B) Glossary of terms: Decay constant: The probability of a specified nucleus decaying in one second. Equations SL: Equations AHL (SL opt B):