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Transcript
Chapter 5 Essay Questions (last updated 08/16/2012) Short essay questions (answer with one or two sentences): 1 We cannot put the sun on a scale and weigh it, so how is the mass of the sun determined? 2 What does the shape of a solar prominence reveal? 3 What is the definition of density? Approximately, what is the average density of the sun? 4 The corona is much hotter than the photosphere, yet we have to wait for a total solar eclipse to see the corona. Why is that? 5 Suppose you have a cool gas cloud of atoms, and you send visible light of all wavelengths through the gas. What will happen to the photons of the light, and what type of spectrum is created? 6 Suppose there was a distant star which was at rest relative to the sun. During the year what specifically would happen to the spectral lines from this star observed on earth as earth orbited the sun? 7 The umbra of a sunspot is darker than the penumbra, which is darker than the photosphere. What does that tell us about the umbra and the penumbra? 8 What two particles can be found inside the nucleus of an atom? 9 In the twentieth century, scientists discovered something surprising about the orbits of electrons in atoms, leading to the development of quantum mechanics. What was the surprising discovery? 10 By observing sunspots on the sun we see that the sun undergoes rotation in a different way than does the earth. What type of rotation does the sun undergo, and how is it different than the earth's rotation? 11 What is an ion? Long essay questions (answer with a paragraph): 1 What is convection? What is the evidence that granulation in the photosphere is caused by convection? 2 We say that the sun has an eleven year sunspot maximum cycle. Explain in detail what is different about the sunspots from one sunspot maximum compared to the next sunspot maximum. 3 Suppose we excite a low density gas and cause the gas to give off an emission spectrum, similar to the one we viewed in class. Describe in detail what is happening in the atoms of the gas to create the emission spectrum, and why the gas "emits" only specific emission lines, and not all of the colors of the rainbow. 4 Explain in detail how a filtergram taken in H-alpha light allows us to reveal details in the upper layers of the chromosphere, while "hiding" the much brighter photosphere. 5 Describe the details of the Babcock model and how it explains the creation of sunspots.