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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class _____________ Change Over Time Study Guide Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. ______ 1. The gradual change in species over time is called a. adaptation. c. evolution. b. natural selection. d. variation. ______ 2. How does natural selection lead to evolution? a. Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species. b. Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species. c. Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species. d. Environmental changes favor weaker members of the species. ______ 3. How does fossil evidence from the ancestors of whales support evolution? a. Their ancestors had legs, which suggests a common ancestor with land vertebrates. b. Whales have not changed for hundreds of millions of years. c. Whale DNA is very similar to the DNA of wolves and coyotes. d. The ancestors had fins, which suggests a relationship with marine vertebrates. ______ 4. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n) a. mutation. c. adaptation. b. selection. d. variation. ______ 5. What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands? a. Their feathers were adapted to match their environment. b. Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate. c. They had homologous body structures with other flying vertebrates. d. They were unrelated to mainland bird species. ______ 6. Which of these is one of the main ways that a new species forms? a. Cross-breeding occurs within the species. b. A group is separated from the rest of the species. c. Competition occurs between members of the species. d. Mutations occur in the alleles of members of the species. ______ 7. Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor? a. DNA sequences c. homologous structures b. developmental similarities d. fossil relationships ______ 8. The number of different species in an area is referred to as its a. niche diversity. c. adaptation rate. b. biodiversity. d. genetic diversity. 1 Study Guides © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class _____________ Change Over Time (continued) ______ 9. Darwin concluded that organisms on the Galápagos Islands a. had changed over time. b. had remained the same. c. were the result of selective breeding. d. had no variations. ______ 10. How have human activities endangered the Florida panther? a. Humans have reduced their available habitat areas. b. Humans have competed for their food resources. c. Lawmakers have introduced protective legislation. d. Scientists have introduced genetic variations. Completion Fill in the line to complete each statement. 11. A(n) ____________________ is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations. 12. Similarities in the early development of chickens and pigs suggest that these animals share a common ____________________. 13. The only traits that can be acted upon by natural selection are those that are controlled by ____________________. 14. Natural selection is affected by ____________________, or traits that are different in members of the same species. 15. Coral reefs are biologically diverse ecosystems because they support many different __________________, which allow a great number of species to live there. True or False If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. ____________ 16. The more similar the DNA sequences of two species are, the more closely related the species are. ____________ 17. When some members of a species become isolated, they are less likely to form a new species. ____________ 18. Scientists theorize that ecosystems found in the tropics show greater biodiversity because of their favorable climate conditions. ____________ 19. Sea turtles laying more eggs than can possibly survive is an example of competition as a factor in natural selection. ____________ 20. Genetic similarity allows some varieties of monkey flower to survive and reproduce in soil contaminated by copper. 2 Study Guides © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class _____________ Change Over Time (continued) Using Science Skills Use the figure below to answer the following questions in the spaces provided. 21. Three animals are shown in the diagram above. These three animals share adaptations to which aspect of their environment? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 22. What body parts help the animals above to survive in their environment through natural selection? How? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 23. How do the similarities in body structure shown in the diagram support the theory of evolution? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 24. How did studying selective breeding help Darwin develop his theory of evolution? 25. Explain how a group of organisms that is separated from the rest of its species can evolve different traits. 3 Study Guides © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class _____________ Change Over Time (continued) Using Science Skills Use the figure below to answer the following questions in the spaces provided. 26. Each species of finch eats a different kind of food: seeds, insects, cactus, or fruit (plants). Match each finch with the food(s) you think it eats. Explain your answers. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 27. Compare the habitats of the two finches that have probing beaks. Do you think both species occupy the same niche? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 28. Suppose Finch B uses the twig in its mouth as a tool. How is this different from the other adaptations the finches display? How do you think this adaptation helps its species survive? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 29. Woolly mammoths were long-haired relatives of elephants that once lived in northern North America and Eurasia, but became extinct about 11,000 years ago. Explain how changes in climate and the arrival of humans might have lead to the extinction of the woolly mammoths. 30. Explain the differences among a threatened species, an endangered species, and an extinct species. 4 Study Guides © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved.