Download Chapter 11 Study Guide

Name ____________________________
Date ____________________ Class _____________
Change Over Time
Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.
______ 1. The gradual change in species over time is called
a. adaptation.
c. evolution.
b. natural selection.
d. variation.
______ 2. How does natural selection lead to evolution?
a. Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species.
b. Helpful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species.
c. Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species.
d. Environmental changes favor weaker members of the species.
______ 3. How does fossil evidence from the ancestors of whales support evolution?
a. Their ancestors had legs, which suggests a common ancestor with land
vertebrates.
b. Whales have not changed for hundreds of millions of years.
c. Whale DNA is very similar to the DNA of wolves and coyotes.
d. The ancestors had fins, which suggests a relationship with marine
vertebrates.
______ 4. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n)
a. mutation.
c. adaptation.
b. selection.
d. variation.
______ 5. What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
a. Their feathers were adapted to match their environment.
b. Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.
c. They had homologous body structures with other flying vertebrates.
d. They were unrelated to mainland bird species.
______ 6. Which of these is one of the main ways that a new species forms?
a. Cross-breeding occurs within the species.
b. A group is separated from the rest of the species.
c. Competition occurs between members of the species.
d. Mutations occur in the alleles of members of the species.
______ 7. Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited
from a common ancestor?
a. DNA sequences
c. homologous structures
b. developmental similarities
d. fossil relationships
______ 8. The number of different species in an area is referred to as its
a. niche diversity.
c. adaptation rate.
b. biodiversity.
d. genetic diversity.
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Name ____________________________
Date ____________________ Class _____________
Change Over Time (continued)
______ 9. Darwin concluded that organisms on the Galápagos Islands
a. had changed over time.
b. had remained the same.
c. were the result of selective breeding.
d. had no variations.
______ 10. How have human activities endangered the Florida panther?
a. Humans have reduced their available habitat areas.
b. Humans have competed for their food resources.
c. Lawmakers have introduced protective legislation.
d. Scientists have introduced genetic variations.
Completion
Fill in the line to complete each statement.
11. A(n) ____________________ is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of
observations.
12. Similarities in the early development of chickens and pigs suggest that these animals share a
common ____________________.
13. The only traits that can be acted upon by natural selection are those that are controlled by
____________________.
14. Natural selection is affected by ____________________, or traits that are different in
members of the same species.
15. Coral reefs are biologically diverse ecosystems because they support many different
__________________, which allow a great number of species to live there.
True or False
If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the
statement true.
____________
16. The more similar the DNA sequences of two species are, the more closely
related the species are.
____________
17. When some members of a species become isolated, they are less likely to
form a new species.
____________
18. Scientists theorize that ecosystems found in the tropics show greater
biodiversity because of their favorable climate conditions.
____________
19. Sea turtles laying more eggs than can possibly survive is an example of
competition as a factor in natural selection.
____________
20. Genetic similarity allows some varieties of monkey flower to survive and
reproduce in soil contaminated by copper.
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Study Guides
© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Name ____________________________
Date ____________________ Class _____________
Change Over Time (continued)
Using Science Skills
Use the figure below to answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
21. Three animals are shown in the diagram above. These three animals share adaptations to
which aspect of their environment?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
22. What body parts help the animals above to survive in their environment through natural
selection? How?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
23. How do the similarities in body structure shown in the diagram support the theory of
evolution?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Essay
Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
24. How did studying selective breeding help Darwin develop his theory of evolution?
25. Explain how a group of organisms that is separated from the rest of its species can evolve
different traits.
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Study Guides
© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Name ____________________________
Date ____________________ Class _____________
Change Over Time (continued)
Using Science Skills
Use the figure below to answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
26. Each species of finch eats a different kind of food: seeds, insects, cactus, or fruit (plants).
Match each finch with the food(s) you think it eats. Explain your answers.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
27. Compare the habitats of the two finches that have probing beaks. Do you think both species
occupy the same niche? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
28. Suppose Finch B uses the twig in its mouth as a tool. How is this different from the other
adaptations the finches display? How do you think this adaptation helps its species survive?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Essay
Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
29. Woolly mammoths were long-haired relatives of elephants that once lived in northern North
America and Eurasia, but became extinct about 11,000 years ago. Explain how changes in
climate and the arrival of humans might have lead to the extinction of the woolly mammoths.
30. Explain the differences among a threatened species, an endangered species, and an extinct
species.
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Study Guides
© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved.