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Biology 9: Unit 7a Evolution Practice #1
Name: ___________________________ Block: _______
_____1. Which factors promote evolution in a species?
I.
Sexual reproduction
II.
Environmental change
III.
Overproduction of offspring
A.
B.
C.
D.
I and II only
II and III only
I and III only
I, II and III
(1)
_____2. The percentage of bacteria showing antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other species of diseasecausing bacteria has risen considerably since antibiotics were introduced. What has caused this increase?
A.
When a bacterium detects an antibiotic, it changes its metabolism so that it becomes resistant.
B.
When people do not complete courses of antibiotic, bacteria that were partly resistant become more resistant.
C.
When a bacterium is treated with an antibiotic, it increases its resistance to the antibiotic and passes on
increased resistance to its offspring.
D.
When an antibiotic is used, only bacteria that are resistant to it survive and these bacteria pass on resistance
to their offspring.
(1)
3.
(a)
Explain briefly Darwin’s theory of evolution.
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(3)
(b)
Outline two examples where evolution can be observed.
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(c)
State two ways in which the remains of past living organisms have been preserved.
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(2)
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4.
(a)
Explain the process of speciation.
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(3)
(b)
Describe two pieces of evidence for evolution and give two examples.
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(3)
5.
Define the term homologous anatomical structures and outline an example.
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(3)
_____6. Which process has the greatest effect in determining which members of a population are most likely to survive
until reproductive age?
A.
Evolution
B.
Natural selection
C.
Meiosis
D.
Hybridization
_____7. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, what causes the struggle for survival in populations?
A.
Overproduction of offspring
B.
Favourable heritable variations
C.
Natural selection
D.
Competition between the fittest individuals in the population
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Biology 9: Unit 7 Practice #1
1.
D
2.
D
3.
theory put forward by Darwin / Wallace;
overproduction of offspring;
leads to struggle for survival;
variation exists / (random) mutations give rise to variation;
some varieties better adapted than others;
best adapted survive;
best adapted reproduce and pass on characteristics;
evolution is change in species / allele frequency with time;
environmental change can trigger evolution;
evidence that species have evolved include observed evolution / fossil record;
example of evidence;
competing idea is that characteristics acquired during
lifetime are passed on to next generation;
competing theory is that organisms have not changed since
they were created by God;
4.
5.
(a)
named example;
selective pressure;
result;
example:
beaks of Galapagos finches;
competition for food;
change in numbers / proportion of birds with different sized beaks;
(b)
change of beak shape in Galapagos finches;
resistance to pesticides / antibiotics;
bird predation on moths; (allow, though some evidence refutes this)
heavy metal tolerance in plants;
melanism in ladybirds (ladybugs);
(c)
fossils;
prints / moulds;
preserved in amber / tar / peat / petrification;
frozen in ice;
(a)
process by which one / more species arise from previously existing species;
populations become genetically isolated;
natural selection acts independently on each population;
results in changes in allele / genotype frequencies;
inability of organisms / gametes to meet leads to reproductive isolation;
ecological isolation occurs when two species inhabit similar ranges but have
different habitat preferences (eg two species of plants grow on different
types of soil) / courtship / feeding differences;
geographical barriers (such as mountain ranges, seas, rivers) produce barrier
to gene flow due to spatial separation;
after prolonged separation / genetic isolation over long period of time no
longer able to interbreed and speciation has occurred;
[5]
(b)
comparative anatomy provides evidence for evolution;
adapted to different functions / mode of locomotion (in a particular
environment); organs / structures / anatomical features having similar basic structure
/ similar embryonic development as structures in other species said
to be homologous; homologous anatomical structures derived from a common ancestor;
fossil records
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