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Transcript
Endocrine glands Endocrine Tissues 1 2 Cells and Tissues Class 3 Structure-function of : • individual cells • tissue organisation in glands • gross anatomy off glands l d • consequences of loss of structurefunction in patients ACTH, LH, FSH, PRL, TSH, GH Different arrangements of cells in different glands Profuse blood supply fenestrated capillaries Structure of the pituitary gland Anterior A t i pituitary 4 Endocrine cells of one or more types yp gathered g in a capsule Posterior pituitary = neural lobe Development of the pituitary 5 weeks 20 weeks OT and ADH 1 Peptides/polypeptides/glycopeptides Organisation of the pituitary translated on the rough ER and secreted by either the regulated pathway (most hormones) AP RER PP Immunocytochemistry Structure of a peptide secreting cell in the anterior pituitary nucleus EM of posterior pituitary golgi l i heterochromatin rough ER granules g 2 Thyroid structure Cell arrangements in the thyroid epithelial ‘follicular’ cells form follicles the lumen is filled with ‘colloid’ – thyroglobulin precursor colloid T4 T3 calcitonin Ultrastructure of the thyroid Parathyroid glands Release parathyroid hormone, principal control of plasma calcium Secreted in response to fall in serum Ca2+and acts to restore low plasma Ca2+ to normal Integrated Physiology next year 3 Layers of the adrenal cortex Adrenal gland: cortex and medulla medulla cortex cortex capsule medulla reticularis ti l i (androgens) ffasciculata i l t (cortisol) glomerulosa l l (aldosterone) Adrenal medulla Steroids synthesized rapidly from cholesterol via enzymes in mitochondria and smooth ER produced from tyrosine via intracellular enzymes M L 4 Pancreas structure Ultrastructure of islet endocrine cells Exocrine pancreas Islet of Langerhan Beta cell Insulin immunofluorescence Aims • To be able to identify histological sections of the pituitary, pituitary thyroid, thyroid adrenal and pancreas • Understand the way in which the cells are arranged in these tissues • Understand the structural differences between cells producing peptide, amine, steroid and thyroid hormones 5
