Download Kingdom: ANIMALS

Kingdom: ANIMALS
Phylum
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Nematod – round worms; parasite; moult; eutelic (fixed number of cells at maturity)
Onychophora – worms with antennae
Tardigrada – slow walkers; water bears/moss piglets; able to survive in extreme conditions
Bryozoa – more plant-like than animal-like(moss animals)
Porifera – sponges -> one of earliest animals, simple, aquatic, filter feeders, have specialized cells(pinocytes) to
engulf larger preys
Examples
Cnidaria
Platyhelmines
(Flatworms)
Annelids
(worm; leech)
-Jellyfish
-Hydra
-Corals & sea
anemones
- Tapeworms
-Polychaeta
(marine worms)
-Oliochaeta (earth
worms)
-Hirudinea (leech)
Arthropoda
(insects;
arachnids;
crustaceans)
-Chelicerata
(Scorpions &
spiders)
-Myriapoda
(Many legs –
millipede,
centipede)
-Crustacea
(Marine; crabs)
-Hexapoda (6
legs - insects)
Molliusca
(Molluscs)
Echnidodermata Chordata
(With nerve
cord)
-Polyplacophora
(Many plateschitons)
-Bivalvia (2 shells
– clams,
mussels, oyster)
-Gastropada
(snails, slugs)
-Cechlapoda
(Squids,
octopus)
-Sea stars
-Brittle stars
-Sea urchins
-Sea lilies
-Sea cucumbers
-Mammals
-Birds
-Fish
-Reptiles
-Amphibians
Symmetry
Radial
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Germ layers
Diplobalstic
-have 2 layers
separated by
mesoglea
Acoelomate
Triploblastic
-have
mesoderm
Triploblastic
Triploblastic
Acoelomate
-very thin, rely
on diffusion
-simple gut; only
have mouth
Protostome
-
Coelomate
-act as hydrostatic
skeleton
Protostome
Yes – repetition of
functional units
(nerve cord &
organs)
-
Coelom
Blastopore
No balstopore
Segmentation
-
Moulting
(Ecdysozoa)
Trocophore
larvae
Special
features
-
-
-
Yes
-Simple
nervous
system (nerve
net)
-Use
nematocyst to
catch prey or
for protection;
costly;
cnidocyte
-have cilia for
movement
-ventral nerve
cord & eyes
-parasites
-reproduce
through
segmentation
-Antagonistic
muscles; helped
by parapoda &
cilia
-Crustacea have
biramous
appendages
Bilateral
Triploblastic
Larva - Radial
Adult – Bilateral
Triploblastic
Coelomate
Coelomate
Coelomate
Coelomate
Protostome
Yes
Protostome
-
Deutrosome
Yes
Deutrostome
Partial
segmentation
Yes – for
growth
-Hard
exoskeleton
(colonize
different
environments)
-Advanced
nervous system
-Compound
eyes
Triploblastic
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Mantle, forms
shell
-Mantle cavity
-Gills
-Muscular foot
-Radula
-Bivalvia are
filter feeders
-Tube feet
(connected to
water vascular
system)
-Defence
1) have
modified spines
on body –
capable of
movement to
-Presence of
notochord
-Nerve chord
located
dorsally
-Gills slits
develop into
jaws
-Post anal tail
(sting)
-Hexapods evolve
wings for flight;
develop through
metamorphosis
-Chelicerata
have modified
mouth parts
(chelicerae)
remove
organisms
2) eject
intestines
(costly)
Life Cycle
 Symmetry – bilateral ; radial
 Germ layers – diploblastic (2 layers) ; triploblastic (3 layers-ecto, endo, meso)
 Coelom (2nd gut; body cavity) – present in triplobalsts.
- Acoelomate = coelom absent
- Coelomate = coelom present
- Importance – internal support (fluid filled); separate internal processes from gut; transport of fluids; space
for development of internal organs (more complex organisms); enables increase in body size(no longer
rely on diffusion)
 Fate of blastopore
- Protostome - mouth develop first then anus or develop at same time
- Deuterostome – anus develops first, mouth develops later
 Segmentation – affects mesoderm and ectoderm; each segment has own ability to transport fluid
 Trocophore larvae – larva different from mature adult