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Transcript
Earth Science 2: Earthquakes Study the origin, nature, and effects of earthquakes beginning with a brief discussion of plate tectonics followed by a series of small workstations. The lesson ends with the calculation of an earthquake epicenter, and review of the days findings. Audience: 5th–8th MCAS: th MCAS 2014: th 6 –8 ES5 “Describe how the movement of the earth’s crustal plates causes both slow changes in the earth’s surface … and rapid ones (e.g., volcanic eruptions and earthquakes).” Math 4.P.5 “Solve problems involving proportional relationships, including unit pricing … and map interpretation (e.g., one inch represents five miles, so two inches represent ten miles).” Math 6.M.3 Nearly identical to 4.P.5 Math 7.N.2 “Use ratios and proportions in the solution of problems involving unit rates, scale drawings, and reading of maps.” Math 5.MD.1 “Convert among different-sized standard measurement units within a given measurement system (e.g., convert 5 cm to 0.05 m), and use these conversions in solving multistep, real-world problems.” Math 6.RP.2 “Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve realIndirectly: world and mathematical Math 4.M.2 “Carry out simple unit conversions within a system of problems” measurement, e.g., hours to minutes, ¢ to $, yards to feet or inches, etc.” Math 7.M.1 Nearly identical to 4.M.2 Vocabulary: Terms to know beforehand: Terms defined in lesson: • crust—the hard, rocky outer-layer of the Earth • fault • lithosphere—a name used for the combination of the Earth's crust and the • Pangea upper mantle, which are similar in nature • tectonic plate • mantle—thick layer of softened rock between the crust & core of the Earth Related Modules: ES03‒Cartographic Projections reviews and expands upon basic map literacy, especially the ability to evaluate maps of an unfamiliar format; such as the two maps of differing projection used in the “Plate Tectonics” workstation of this lesson. ES04‒Cartographic Symbology explores the visual language of maps, and ES05‒ Topographic Maps focuses on the use of maps to accurately convey information about the shape of the land. ES09‒Rock Cycle discusses the three major types of rock, and E01‒Stress & Strain explores mechanical stress in greater detail. Safety: In the final activity students will use drawing compasses, some of which may have sharp points. Preparation: It is recommended that students be comfortable using metric rulers, map scales, and ideally drawing compasses. You might have students use a metric ruler to set drawing compasses of a specific diameter, and compare the sizes of different circles by cutting them out and trying to fit them into one another. Although it is not possible to pack circles perfectly, students should note that the area increases at a greater rate than the diameter; A=πr2 1 © 2013 Science from Scientists Additional Resources: http://youtube.com/watch?v=gFB-qpiKccs — Video1 (3:51), Can we predict earthquakes? http://youtube.com/watch?v=Mny6eRxhdpc — Video (7:52), Range triangulation of an earthquake http://youtube.com/watch?v=Jq1UIfHk-7c — Video (6:09), Directional triangulation of wildlife http://youtube.com/watch?v=GYBbVNpMlUU — Video (6:47), Directional triangulation of MA radio stations http://ohhs.ohsd.net/~brick/ear/era_eq_sw.htm — Epicenter triangulation activity http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a001200/a001288/index.html — Tectonic plate boundaries on globe (alt) http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/about/edu/dynamicplanet/ballglobe/ — Tennis ball tectonic globes http://gearthhacks.com/dlfile20572/Tectonic-Plates.htm — Plate boundaries for Google Earth, preview in G. Maps http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kml.php — Additional Google Earth (KML) files; to view with Google Maps, copy the URL of a link to a KML or KMZ file and paste it into the search field of Google Maps, may be slow to load http://exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2.html — Pangea separation (Flash) http://sciencemag.org/content/336/6089/1654.full — An approach to teaching earthquakes with the USGS website http://washingtonpost.com/2011/08/24/gIQAZrXQcJ_story.html — Animal reactions to earthquakes http://classic.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=Environmental %20Science&lesson=10&topic=2&skinPath=/hippocampus.skins/default — Video (5:00), Plate subduction http://youtube.com/watch?v=nbU809Cyrao — Video (4:55), Wegener, father of continental drift; expletive at 0:47 http://youtube.com/watch?v=T1-cES1Ekto — Music video (3:04), of Wegener's posthumous triumph; free song http://bostongeology.com/geology — Local geology lessons developed in Brookline with Tufts university; the building construction activity referenced on the website has since moved to a new location: http://discoveryeducation.com/teachers/free-lesson-plans/constructing-earthquake-proof-buildings.cfm 1 https://sciencefromscientists.org/cool-stuff/youtube-for-schools 2 © 2013 Science from Scientists