Download The cardiovascular system

BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
THE BODY IN ACTION
The Cardiovascular System
Dale Embleton
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system
What you need to learn …
• The structure of the cardiovascular system
– The blood
– The heart and valves
– The blood vessels
• The functions of the cardiovascular system
– Heart contraction
– Cardiac cycle
– Pathway of blood
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system consists of the
heart, blood and blood vessels, and is also
referred to as the circulatory system of the
body.
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system
The circulatory system consists of three parts
• The blood – in which materials are carried to
and from the tissues
• The heart – the muscular pump that pushes
blood to the working muscles
• The blood vessels (venules, veins, arteries,
arterioles and capillaries) – the routes by which
the blood travels to and through the tissues, and
back to the heart
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system
Key points
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away
from the heart
• Veins carry de-oxygenated blood back to
the heart
• Capillaries connect veins and arteries
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
STRUCTURE
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: BLOOD
Functions of blood
• Carries nutrient substances absorbed from the
intestine to the tissues
• Carries oxygen to the tissues
• Carries waste products from the tissues to the
kidneys and liver
• Returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
• Regulates body temperature
• Distributes hormones and other agents
• Fights bacterial infection through the white cells and
antibodies
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: BLOOD
A closer look at the structure of blood …
• Plasma
Doughnut-shaped
red blood cells
Monocyte
– Liquid
• Erythrocytes
– O2 and CO2
• Leucocytes
– Immune
• Platelets
– Blood clots
Lymphocyte
See Handout and complete worksheet 45
Granulocyte or phagocyte
with lobed nucleus
Platelets
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: HEART
The heart
• Situated in the left-hand side of the chest
• Muscular pump whose purpose is to drive the
blood into and through the arteries, to deliver it
to the tissues and working muscles
• Considered as two separate pumps
• Two chambers on the right, and two chambers
on the left side
– What are they?
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: HEART
Structure of the Heart
• Surrounded by sac known as the
pericardium, which prevents friction as the
heart beats.
• Heart wall is made of:
– Epicardium (outer layer)
– Myocardium (strong middle layer)
– Endocardium (inner layer)
• Right separated from left by Septum
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: HEART
The structure of the heart and blood
vessels
Task
1. In pairs research and complete work
sheets 42, 43 and 44
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: HEART
The heart functions (continued)
• Right atrium receives de-oxygenated
blood from the body
• Right ventricle pumps it to the lungs
• Left atrium receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs
• Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to
the body
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: HEART
Circulation of Blood
Lungs
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary
vein
Left
heart
pump
Right
heart
pump
Systemic circulation
Aorta
Vena cava
Body
(non-lung tissues)
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: HEART
The heart valves
• The heart has 4 valves
• Choose 1
• Using books/web, draw these valves
– Identify their location
– What is their function?
– When will they open and close?
• Present to the class
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The Cardiovascular System: BLOOD VESSELS
• Complicated network of blood vessels
• 96 kilometres of arteries, arterioles,
capillaries, venules and veins.
• Their structure relates to their function
• Next two slides and handout have more
information on the blood vessels
• Page 218-19
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: BLOOD VESSELS
Elastic
fibres
S
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
Muscle
layer
Fibrous
tissue
Single
layer
of cells
Lining
Round
lumen
Oval
lumen
(a) Artery
(b) Vein
Red
cells
(c) Capillary
1. 3 groups
2. Explain the structure of these blood vessels
using a diagram and labels
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system: BLOOD VESSELS
Main blood vessels and their functions
• Aorta – Main artery of the body carrying oxygenated
blood to the body tissues
• Pulmonary artery – Carries deoxygenated blood from
the lungs back to the heart
• Superior vena cava – Receives deoxygenated blood
from the upper body to empty into the right atrium of the
heart
• Inferior vena cava – Receives deoxygenated blood
from the lower body to empty into the right atrium of the
heart
See Handout for further information and complete worksheet 45
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
FUNCTIONS
OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
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UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
THE HEART’S CONTRACTION
• Contraction causes blood to move
• The SA (sinoatrial) node is the pacemaker
– Endocardial of right atrium
• 60-100 beats per minute
• AV node (septal wall of right atria) slows
impulse between the atria and ventricles to
allow time for contracting atria to fill
ventricles.
– What would happen otherwise?
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UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
CARDIAC CYCLE
• “The period from the beginning of one
heart beat to the beginning of the next”
• Two distinct phases
– Systole
– diastole
• Using textbook handout, complete
Worksheet 47,question 1 and 2
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UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
• Cardiac output = rate at which blood
leaves the heart
• Stroke volume = volume of blood that
leaves the heart with each beat
• CO = SV X HR
• Complete worksheet 47 and 48
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
PATHWAY OF BLOOD
• There are 3 modes of circulation that
transports blood through the body.
– Pulmonary
– Systemic
– Coronary
• Summarise these in a few sentences on
your Handout
• Now complete worksheets 46
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
PATHWAY OF BLOOD…cont….
Blood Pressure
• The blood is always under pressure
• Without it where would the blood in your
body be?
• It therefore enables the blood to gravitate
upwards in the body and through
capillaries.
• Worksheet 49
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
THE PULSE
• Where can you find a pulse?
• Why?
• What is it a measure of?
• Healthy adults = ______ - _______ bpm
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UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
BLOOD POOLING
• This is where blood is not returned to the
heart and lungs for re-oxygenation.
• Fainting may occur………
– Why?......what has this got to do with gravity?
• Blood may pool in your cardiovascular
system
– Low blood pressure
– Terminating activity without a recovery phase.
BTEC NATIONAL Sport
UNIT 5 THE BODY IN ACTION
The cardiovascular system
What you need to learn …
• The structure of the cardiovascular system
– The blood
– The heart and valves
– The blood vessels
• The functions of the cardiovascular system
– Heart contraction
– Cardiac cycle
– Pathway of blood