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Concepts in Science FINAL Study Guide DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Overall function Compare Mechanical and Chemical digestion Label the organs of this system (accessory organs, too) Give the function of each part of the digestive system; for example, mouth, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, bile duct, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus EXCRETORY SYSTEM Overall function Explain the function of the four main organs of this system (liver, lungs, kidney, skin) Describe the path of urine from the kidneys to outside the body Define / give function of ureter, urinary bladder, nephron, urethra CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Overall function Label the four chambers of the heart Trace the path of blood through the circulatory system Describe the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries List the “ingredients” of blood Define / give function of plasma, red blood cell, hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, atrium, ventricle, blood pressure, artery, capillary, vein RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Overall function Name, in order, the structures through which air passes as it travels through this system Label the structures of the respiratory system Understand the connection to the circulatory system Define / give function of the nose, trachea, bronchus, alveolus, gas exchange, epiglottis, larynx, diaphragm, tidal volume, vital capacity, lungs, pharynx SKELETAL SYSTEM Overall Function- five basic functions Structure of a typical bone (including function of cartilage) Describe three types of joints and their movement type Label at least 10 bones or bone groups on a skeleton Explain osteoporosis and arthritis MUSCULAR SYSTEM Overall function Compare the three types of muscle (smooth, skeletal, cardiac) Describe how skeletal muscles work in pairs Define / give function of tendon, ligament, flexor, extensor INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Overall function – at least three functions of skin/accessory parts Label a cross-section of skin (layers, parts) Define / give function of epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, keratin, melanocytes, hair follicle, arrector pilli muscle, nails IMMUNE SYSTEM Overall function Name the body’s three lines of defense Describe how a vaccination works Define / give function of immunity, disease, pathogen, antibody, toxin, antibiotic, allergy, asthma, passive/active immunity NERVOUS SYSTEM Overall function List the structures and functions of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system Describe nerve impulse transmission through neurons Label the three main parts of the brain- basic functions of each List the five sense organs- give their functions Define / give function of neuron, cell body, dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, synapse, neurotransmitter, stimulus, response ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Overall function Label and describe the function of the following glands: hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovary, testes REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Overall function Name and label the structures of the male reproductive system Give the function of each male reproductive part Name and label the structures of the female reproductive system Give the function of each female reproductive part Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle Describe baby development during pregnancy and triggers for birth Define ovulation, fertilization, ejaculation BIOSPHERES Define Biosphere Know the three basic structural zones of the biosphere Compare biotic and abiotic factors Understand the organization of organisms: population, community, ecosystem Define niche and habitat Recognize the three main symbiotic relationships Understand the components of the water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorous cycle Explain ecological succession using the terms pioneer organism and climax community FOOD CHAINS/WEBS Define producer, consumer, and decomposer- know their relationship to one another Understand the various types of autotrophs and heterotrophs Define food chains and food webs Understand the concept of “ripple effect” in an ecosystem Describe the various ecological energy pyramids Explain biological magnification