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Biology 4B - Lab Practical #2 Early embryology o Be able to ID & know functions: zygote with fertilization membrane, early cleavage, morula, blastula (blastocoel), gastrula (blastocoel, blastopore, archenteron, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm (a derivative), fate of the blastopore, deuterostome development, radial vs spiral cleavage Invertebrates I (taxonomy, structure & functions, some genera) o Ph. Porifera Scypha/Grantia slides (don’t need to memorize these genera): ostia, spongocoel, osculum, choanocytes, amoebocytes, spicules Look at the live species (formerly living) and be able to ID: ostia, spongocoel, osculum o Ph. Cnidaria Cl. Hydrozoa: polyp & medusa stages Hydra slide – oral, aboral, gastrovascular cavity, ectoderm, endoderm (gastrodermis), tentacles, cnidocytes, nematocysts Gonionemus (jar specimen) – exumbrella, subumbrella, velum, manubrium, ring & radial canals, tentacles, statocysts, gonads Cl. Scyhozoa Aurelia specimen - exumbrella, subumbrella, ring & radial canals, tentacles, statocysts, gonads Cl. Anthozoa Know representative members: sea anemone & corals, symbiotic relationships? o Dissection: oral disc, mouth, tentacles, pedal disc, pharynx, gastrovascular cavity o Ph. Platyhelminthes (flatworm lifestyle: free-living or parasitic) Cl. Turbellaria Dugesia (slide): ID, common name, eye spots, pharynx, mouth, intestines, lifestyle Cl. Trematoda Clonorchis slide: ID, genus, intermediate host, location in final host, oral & ventral suckers, testes and uterus, how acquired Fasciola slide: ID, genus, intermediate host, location in final host, oral & ventral suckers, testes and uterus, how acquired Schistosoma slide: ID, genus, intermediate host, location in final host, oral & ventral suckers, testes and uterus, how acquired, gynecophoric canal Cl. Cestoda Tapeworms: ID to common name, scolex, proglottids, how acquired Invertebrates II (taxonomy, structure & functions, some genera) o Ph. Mollusca Foot, mantle, visceral mass, shell, radula Cl. Polyplacophora Chiton: common name, where found, lifestyle, foot, mantle, mouth, dorsal plates Cl. Gastropoda common name, where found, lifestyle, foot Cl. Bivalvia Know common and representatives Clam anatomy/dissection: umbo, anterior/posterior, adductor muscles (scars on shell), pallial line, mantle, nacreous, foot, labial palps, intestines, gonads, gills, heart location, Cl. Cephalopoda Squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus – examples o Squid dissection: 8 arms with suckers, two tentacles with suckers, mantle, lateral fins, eyes, siphon, systemic heart, 2 brachial hearts, gills, pen, beak o Ph. Annelida (know some representatives, structure & function, where found) Cl. Polychaeta Common name = polychaete worms, ID head, jaws, tentacles, parapodium (function), setae Cl. Oligochaeta Common name, ID clitellum, anterior/posterior, lifestyle Cl. Hirundinea Common name, lifestyle, oral & posterior suckers o Ph. Nematoda (ID to genus, how infected, location, etc.) Ascaris – differentiate between males and females Trichinella hookworm pinworms Invertebrates III (taxonomy, structure & functions, some genera) o Ph. Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobita ID common, head, thorax, abdomen Subphylum Cherlicerata (chelicerae, pedipalps & 4 prs walking legs, cephalothorax & abdomen) Cl. Merostomata: horseshoe crab o ID common name, where found, carapace, simple eyes, compound eyes, telson, chelicerae, pedipalps, walking legs, genital operculum, book gills, Cl. Arachnida – spiders, ticks/mites, scorpions, harvestmen o ID to common name, chelicerae, pedipalps, walking legs Spiders: spinnerettes Scorpion: stinger, Tick/mites Subphylum Crustacea Cl. Maxillopoda – copepods & barnacles (tidepools) o Common name for various barnacles (acron, gooseneck, buckshot, etc.) Cl. Malacostraca – isopods/pill bugs, krill, crabs/shrimp/lobster/crayfish/ etc (tidepools) o Crayfish: ID antennules, antennae, mandible, cheliped, swimmerets, uropod, telson, Subphylum Mryiapoda Cl. Chilopoda – centipedes (common name, lifestyle, 1 pr of legs/body segment) Cl. Diplopoda – millipedes (common name, lifestyle, 2 prs of legs/body segment) Subphylum Hexapoda Cl. Insecta o Be able to ID head (antennae, compound eyes, ocelli), thorax (wings (elytra), legs, abdomen (ovipositor, tympanum, spiracles) on a variety of insects o Mouth parts: chewing, sponging/lapping, siphoning, piercing/sucking o Ph. Onyhophora: velvet worms: common name & lifestyle o Ph. Echinodermata (will cover at tidepools) Cl. Asteroidea – sea stars Common name, oral/aboral surfaces, central disk, arms, eyespot, spines, pedicellariae, madreporite, ambulacral grooves, tube feet Cl. Ophiuroidea – brittle/basket stars Common name, madreporite, Cl. Echinoidea – sea urchins, sand dollars Common name, madreporite, ambulacral groove, spine tubercle, tube feet, Aristotle’s lantern Cl. Holothuroidea – sea cucumbers: common name Cl. Crinoidea – sea lilies, feather stars: common name Chordates (taxonomy, structure & functions, some genera) o Ph. Chordata Be able to ID chordate characteristics, functions for each and what they are in you: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail, endostyle Subphylum Urochordates: be able to recognize larval (slide) and adult, where found, chordata characteristics Subphylum Cephalochordate (lancelot): be able to ID: wheel organ, buccal cirri, chordata characteristics, intestines, myomere Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Agnatha o Ammocetes larva: be able to ID chordate characteristics, o Lamprey dissection: ID and know functions for: nostril, olefactory sac, cloaca, pharynx, esophagus, internal/external gills/slits, liver, heart, paired kidneys, intestines, testis, ovary, notochord, brain, dorsal hollow nerve cord Superclass Gnathostomata o Cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians (caecilians, frogs/toads, salamanders), reptiles (crocodilians, lizards, snakes & birds), mammals (monotremes, marsupials, placentals)