Download Standards: Unit on Verbals (and review of verbs)

Standards: Unit on Verbals (and review of verbs)
LS 8.1: Grammar Usage Demonstrate command of the conventions of
standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
LS 8.1a: Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, infinitives, participles) in
general and their functions in particular sentences.
LS 8.1b: Form and use verbs in active and passive voice.
LS 8.1c: Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative,
conditional and subjective moods.
LS 8.1d: Recognize and correct appropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.
Revise
and
Edit!
proper punctuation
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Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex
Verbals
rich vocabulary
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Good writing
is messy and
dirty until you
get to the final
draft. The
final draft is
polished!
VERBALS ARE NOT VERBS!
ADJECTIVES--participles
verbals
NOUNS-gerunds, infinitives
Verbals: words that appear to be verbs--but they’re not!
They are like chiffon margarine!
You may think it’s a verb, but it’s not! It’s an adjective or a noun!
3 Kinds of Verbals:
1. Gerunds-act as nouns (person, place, thing, idea)
2. Infinitives-act as nouns (person,place, thing, idea)
3. Participles-act as adjectives (describe)
Gerunds: verbs that act as nouns and end in ing
Example: Running five miles per day is easy once you’ve trained for it.
*Running is the gerund and Running five miles per day is the gerund
phrase.
It is the SUBJECT of the sentence.
Example: I like running five miles per day.
*running is the gerund and running five miles per day is the gerund phrase.
This is used as the DIRECT OBJECT of the sentence.
Example: I try to refrain from running five miles per day.
*running is the gerund and running five miles per day is the gerund phrase.
This is used as the OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION.
Infinitives- to (+) base form of the verb and used as
a noun. It is the purest form of the verb before it is
conjugated.
EXAMPLE: I do not like to run five miles.
*To run is the infinitive and to run five miles is the infinitive phrase.
It is a DIRECT OBJECT in this sentence.
EXAMPLE: To run five miles is a major accomplishment.
*To run is the infinitive and to run five miles is the infinitive phrase.
It is the SUBJECT of this sentence.
Difference between an infinitive and a preposition:
If the word to comes immediately before a verb, it is part of the infinitive.
Ex: Those young players want to win. (an infinitive)
Ex: Those young players are pointing to the pitcher. (a prepositional phrase)
Participles:
present participles--end in ing and are used as adjectives
past participles--end in ed and are used as adjectives
Example: Donald, kicking the ball, scored the final point.
The player kicking the ball is Donald.
We use commas to set off the participial phrase when it is extra information
in the sentence. When the participial phrase is needed to understand the
meaning of the sentence, we do not use commas.
Difference between gerunds and present participial
phrases:
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**Participial phrases can be removed from the sentence, but gerund phrases can
not.
Running through the forest, the man tripped and fell. (participial phrase)
Running through the forest is scary. (gerund phrase)