Download interaction: the nervous and endocrine systems

Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
INTERACTION:
THENERVOUSAND
ENDOCRINESYSTEMS
Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
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Theinterac+onprocess
Theneuron
Electricsignals
Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)(I)
Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)(II)
Theperipheralnervoussystem
Theautonomicnervoussystem
Theendocrinesystem
Thenervousandendocrinesystems
Healthyhabits.Diseasesofthenervous
andendocrinesystems
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
THEINTERACTIONPROCESS
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Interac(onincludesaseriesofprocesseswhoseobjec+vesare:
•  Toadaptthebodytochangingcondi+ons,intheinternalaswellasexternal
environment.
•  Toconnectandcoordinatethedifferentpartsofourbodysothattheywork
together.
Theseobjec+vesarecarriedoutbytwosystems:thenervousandendocrinesystems.
STIMULUS
RECEPTOR
nerveimpulse
NERVOUSSYSTEM
RESPONSE
EFFECTOR
MUSCLE
LOCOMOTORSYSTEM
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GLAND
ENDOCRINESYSTEM
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
THENEURON
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Neuronsarethemostspecialisedcellsinthebody.Theircapacityforreproduc+on
isverylimited.Theyaremadeupofacellbody,whichissimilartoallother
cells,andhastwokindsoflongextensions:dendritesandaxonsorneurites.
Cellbody:thiscontainsthe
nucleusandotherorganelles,
andisfilledwith
cytoplasm.
Axon:thisisalongextensionthatis
madeupofcytoplasmandcarries
nerveimpulsesfromthecellbodyto
anotherneuronorcell.
Dendrites:theseareshort,
branchedextensionsofthe
cellbodythatreceivenerve
impulsesfromotherneurons.
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
ELECTRICSIGNALS
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Neuronshaveauniqueability:theygenerateandtransmitnerveimpulses.When
aneuroniss+mulated,someelectricalchangesoriginateinthemembraneand
thesetransmittheelectricsignalfromthedendritestowardstheaxon.
Neuronsarenotisolated.Theyworkwithoneanothertoestablishconnec+ons
calledsynapses.
vesicles
mitochondria
cellbody
offirst
neuron
nerve
impulse
synap+c
cleL
impulseon cellbodyof
thedendrite adjacentneuron
axon
synapse
dendrites
axon
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dendrite
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
THECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM(CNS)(I)
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Itismadeupofnervecentres,whichare
responsibleforintegra+nginforma+onreceived,
coordina+ngitandpreparingaresponse.
Thespine,acordofnerve+ssuethatruns
throughthespinalcanal.
skull
spine
Thebrain,thepartofthenervoussystemthat
isinsidetheskull.Itisdividedintofour
sec+ons:thespinalbulb,thebrainsstem,the
cerebellumandthecerebrum.
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
THECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM(CNS)(II)
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
ependyma
brainstem
leLcerebral
hemisphere
hypothalamus
pituitary
gland
spinal
bulb
dorsalhorn
(sensorynerves)
dorsal
ventral
root
root
grey
maMer
ventral
dorsal
root
root
dorsalhorn(motor
neurons)
white
maMer
skull
spinalcord
cerebrum
meninges
cerebellum
spinalcord
sympathe+ctrunks
ventralroot
dorsalroot
spinalnerve
communica+ng
branch
vertebra
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sympathe+c
trunkganglia
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
THEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEM
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Theperipheralnervoussystemconnectsallofthereceptorsandeffectorsinthebodytothe
nervecentre.Theperipheralnervoussystemisdividedinto:
•  Thesoma(cnervoussystem,whichconnectsthesensoryreceptorsofthesensoryorgans
tothecentralnervoussystemandthistotheskeletalmuscle.Itreceivesinforma+onfrom
externals+muli.Italsotransmitssignalsforvoluntarymusclecontrac+ons.
•  Theautonomicnervoussystemrregulatesandcontrolsinvoluntarybodyfunc+ons.is
dividedintotwoparts:thesympathe(cnervoussystemandtheparasympathe(cnervous
system.
op(c(vision)
abducens
(eyemovement)
trigeminal(facial
sensa+onsandjaw
movement)
auditory(hearing
andbalance)
vagus(diges+on,
respira+on
andcircula+on)
hypoglossal(tongue
movement)
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olfactory(smell)
oculomotor
(eyemovement)
dorsalrootganglion
dorsalroot
trochlear
(eyemovement)
sensory
neuron
facial(tasteand
facialexpression)
glossopharyngeal
(tasteandsensa+ons
inthethroat)
spinalaccessory
(neckanddorsalmuscles)
ventralroot
spinalnerve
motor
neuron
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
THEAUTONOMICNERVOUS
SYSTEM
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Theparasympathe+cnervoussystemprovokesrelaxa+onandtheorgansworkmoreslowly
andlessintensely.
Thesympathe+cnervoussystemcontrolsmostofthebody’sorganssothattheyworkmore
effec+velyunderstress.
dilatespupils
cervicalspinal
nerves
inhibits
saliva+on
s+mulates
saliva+on
accelerates
theheart
rate
slowstheheartrate
dilatesthebronchi
s+mulatesproduc+on
ofglucose
thoracic
spinal
lower
lumbar
spinalnerves
inhibitsstomach
ac+vity
s+mulatesurinerelease
slowsdown
diges+onprocess
relaxesbladder
muscles
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controlspupils
s+mulates
ejacula+on
contractsthebronchi
s+mulates
thegallbladder
s+mulatesstomachac+vity
inhibitsurinerelease
speedsupdiges+onprocess
contractsbladdermuscles
s+mulateserec+ons
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
THEENDOCRINESYSTEM
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Theendocrine
systemismadeupof
acoordinatedgroup
ofglandscalledthe
endocrineglands.
Theyarecalled
endocrine(endo
meansinternal)
becausethey
releasehormones
directlyintothe
bloodstream.
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Pituitarygland
Posteriorlobe
An+diure+c(ADH)
Oxytocin
Anteriorlobe
S+mula+nghormones
Growthhormone
Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon
Tes(cles
Androgens
Thyroidgland
Thyrosine
Parathyroid
glands
Parathyroid
hormone
Adrenalglands
Adrenaline
Cor+costeroids
Aldosterone
Ovaries
Estrogens
Progesterone
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
NERVOUSANDENDOCRINE
SYSTEMS
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Nervoussystem
Endocrinesystem
Conductor(s)
nerves
Circulatorysystem
Response
fast
veryspecific
shortin+me
slow
notveryspecific
prolongued
ac+onsthatrequirean
immediateresponse
ac+onsthatdevelopduring
aperiodof+me
nerveimpulses
hormones
Coordina+on
How
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
HEALTHYHABITS.DISEASESOFTHE
NERVOUSANDENDOCRINESYSTEMS
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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems
Tokeepthenervoussystemhealthy,weshouldfollowtheserecommenda+ons:
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Leadanorderlylife.
Donotconsumeanytypeofdrugs.
Performintellectualandmentalexercisesregularly.
TrytoeatfoodsrichinvitaminB1,B3andphosphorous.
Avoidstress.
Endocrinesystemdiseases
Othersl(vemdiseases
Degenera+vas
Alzheimer
Parkinson’sdisease
Mul+plesclerosis
ALS
Mentales
Otras
Schizophrenia Infec+ousdiseases
Neurosis
Epilepsy
Depression
Narcolepsy
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Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Dwarfism
Gian+sm
Addison'sdisease
Cushing'ssyndrome
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