Download Chemistry of Life Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids ATP – The

Today’s Agenda Today’s Topic:
Friday November 9th, 2012
Chemistry of Life
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
ATP – The Cells Fuel
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Today’s Science Starter
Take out Enzyme Notes, Lab
sheet and Study Guide
Today you need
pen/pencil/highlighter
Tonight’s Homework
Test on Wednesday 11/14: check your
notes and vocab daily on Quia page
Organize the information you have and
can collect in order to study
efficiently.
REMEMBER:
Just looking at the
information on each sheet
is NOT studying.
Develop study strategies!
A Cell
usually contains
lipids
carbohydrates
oils and fats
which are made of
proteins
DNA
which are made of
which is a
which may be
amino acids
sugars
enzymes
nucleic
acid
which is made of
nucleotides
enzymes
Properties of Enzymes: A Study of Catalase
Review: Enzymes are proteins.
-specialized
reactions
proteins that speed up chemical
They aid in:
1. digestion - the breaking down of protein,
carbohydrates and fats
2. synthesis of complex substances – the joining
together to make macromolecules
3. hydrolysis of complex substances – the breaking
apart of complex molecules into
simpler molecules
Amino Acids
Amino acids are important organic
compounds made from amine (NH2)
and carboxylic acid (COOH),along with
a side-chain specific to each amino
acid.]
The key elements of an amino acid
are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Proteins are macromolecules made from
amino acids (the subunit) binding together.
About 500 amino acids are known.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fil
e:Main_protein_structure_levels_en.svg&p
age=1
How does it work?
DNA is made up of the four nucleotides adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and
thymine (T), which are arranged in a certain order along the strand. An example
might be: ACGGTC.
Each three-letter combination codes for a certain amino acid. In this case, ACG
would code for one amino acid, and GTC another.
Then those amino acids are put together to form proteins, which are used to build
the structure of a cell and fuel all the cell’s functions. These three-letter combos are
called codons.
!Nucleotides make up codons; codons code for amino acids; amino acids are put
together into proteins; proteins make up cells; cells make up organisms.
And thus DNA is the basis of life.
Jonathan Coulton
sings a
fun song about it.
enzymes
Simple Sugar Molecules
• 1-3 molecules long
• Simple sugar molecules
include:
" Glucose (C6H12O6)
" Fructose
- Seen as part of high
fructose corn syrup
" Lactose
- “Milk Sugar”
- Made of glucose and
galactose (another
simple sugar)
Complex Sugar Molecules
• Four or more sugar molecules long
• Complex sugar molecule includes:
" Amylose (5X glucose)
• Plants store glucose in the form of amylose (aka starch)
Complex Sugar Molecules
• After Chloroplasts produce individual molecules of glucose, the
glucoses are linked to form a complex sugar molecule (aka starch or amylose)
• This starch is either stored in chloroplasts or broken down and
exported to be used by the mitochondria
Chloroplast
chloroplast
Mitochondria
Simple sugar
Lipids (Fats/Oils)
Use in the Body
•Stores energy
(more than carbohydrates)
•Protects AND insulates
your internal organs
•Helps nerve cells with transmission
of signals
Food Sources
•Plant Oils – olive oil,
canola oil, vegetable oil
•Animal Fats – cream, butter,
fatty meats
Lipids (Fats/Oils)
The Cell Membrane (aka - phospholipid bilayer)
The membrane that surrounds the cell is
made up of lipids
•Heads are hydrophilic (water loving)
•Tails are hydrophobic (water fearing)
In the cell membrane there
are TWO phospholipid layers
(as shown to the left)
Lipids (Fats)
Which part
of the
phospholipid
is the fat?
The head or
the tale?