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Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Human Physiology 2D: Auditory and Vision Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Paige Stieneke BIOL 256 Dr. Karri Haen February 20, 2013 The Ear (Ch. 10, p. 284-295) Two systems: a. ______________ System: Responsible for hearing b. ______________ System: Responsible for balance and/or equilibrium Auditory System Outer Ear 1. The _________ catches and directs sound waves into the ear 2. The wave vibrates the ____________ membrane Middle Ear 3. The auditory _____________ (malleus, incus and stapes) vibrate with sound 4. The ossicles generate waves into the ______ window, the entryway into the ___________, a spiral seashell-shaped structure Inner Ear 5. In the cochlea, the sound travels from the scala (vestibuli, tympani) to the scala (vestibuli, tympani) and out of the _________ window a. What is the point at the end of the cochlea called? b. Which two chambers does the helicotrema connect? 6. Sound is detected in a hearing receptor called the __________________, which sends an impulse to the CNS a. Where is the organ of Corti located, the scala vestibuli, media or tympani? b. Which membrane is the organ of Corti embedded on, the vestibular or basilar membrane? c. Bending of _____________ on hair cells cause mechanically gated ion channels to open, releasing _____________________ to cause cochlear fibers to send an impulse to the brain d. Where in the brain is sound ultimately perceived? Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu Properties of Sound 1. ___________ is the number of waves passing a given point in a given time, measured in _________ while _______ is the perception of the different frequencies we hear, which can be low or high a. _____ Pitched Sounds bend hair cells in the Organ of Corti near: b. _____ Pitched Sounds bend hair cells in the Organ of Corti near: 2. ___________ (aka Loudness) is the intensity of sound, measured in ________________ Vestibular System __________ acceleration is the change in speed but not direction (eg. a car speeding up in a straight line), while ___________ acceleration is the change in speed AND direction Structure Semicircular canals Utricle Acceleration Function Physiology ___________ at the base of each canal _________ has support and hair cells in cupula Dendrites encircle cell Directional bending of cristae hair cells: depolarization and hyperpolarization Maculae: Otoliths: ___________: in direction of kinocilia causes depolarization ___________: Opposite direction of kinocilia causes hyperpolarization Saccule Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu The Eye (Ch. 10, p. 270-283) Matching. Select the best option for the following statements: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ___ Thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens ___ Colored part of the eye ___ Blind spot at the back of the eye ___ Central opening of the eye ___ Innermost layer of the eye, contains rods and cones ___ Clear object in eye that focuses light on the retina ___ Transparent structure at front of eye that allows light waves to enter a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Retina Cornea Lens Ciliary body Iris Optic disc Pupil Refractive Errors of the Eye 1. Normal eye = 2. Near sighted = 3. Far sighted = 4. Abnormal shape of eye = 5. Vision difficulty due to aging = Photoreceptive Cells in the Retina (Rods, Cones) are sensitive to dim light and are suitable for night vision, while (rods, cones) are activated by bright light for color vision Rods Sum of input from _______ rod(s) into a _________ ganglion cell Uses a ____________ pigment Photoreceptors are turned on in the (light, dark), which means that _______________ are released! Photoreceptors in the (light, dark) are turned off Cones Each cone synapses with a ______ ganglion cell Where are cones found in the eye? What are the three types of cones? Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu