Download Unit 2D Audio Visual - Iowa State University

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Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Human Physiology 2D:
Auditory and Vision
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Paige Stieneke
BIOL 256
Dr. Karri Haen
February 20, 2013
The Ear (Ch. 10, p. 284-295)
Two systems:
a. ______________ System:
Responsible for hearing
b. ______________ System:
Responsible for balance and/or
equilibrium
Auditory System
Outer Ear
1. The _________ catches and directs sound waves into the ear
2. The wave vibrates the ____________ membrane
Middle Ear
3. The auditory _____________ (malleus, incus and stapes) vibrate with sound
4. The ossicles generate waves into the ______ window, the entryway into the ___________, a
spiral seashell-shaped structure
Inner Ear
5. In the cochlea, the sound travels from the scala (vestibuli, tympani) to the scala (vestibuli,
tympani) and out of the _________ window
a. What is the point at the end of the cochlea called?
b. Which two chambers does the helicotrema connect?
6. Sound is detected in a hearing receptor called the __________________, which sends an
impulse to the CNS
a. Where is the organ of Corti located, the scala vestibuli, media or tympani?
b. Which membrane is the organ of Corti embedded on, the vestibular or basilar
membrane?
c. Bending of _____________ on hair cells cause mechanically gated ion channels to
open, releasing _____________________ to cause cochlear fibers to send an impulse
to the brain
d. Where in the brain is sound ultimately perceived?
Supplemental Instruction
1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  294-6624  www.si.iastate.edu
Properties of Sound
1. ___________ is the number of waves passing a
given point in a given time, measured in
_________ while _______ is the perception of
the different frequencies we hear, which can be
low or high
a. _____ Pitched Sounds bend hair cells
in the Organ of Corti near:
b. _____ Pitched Sounds bend hair cells
in the Organ of Corti near:
2. ___________ (aka Loudness) is the intensity of sound, measured in ________________
Vestibular System
 __________ acceleration is the change in speed but not direction (eg. a car speeding up in a
straight line), while ___________ acceleration is the change in speed AND direction
Structure
Semicircular
canals
Utricle
Acceleration
Function
Physiology
 ___________ at the base of each canal
 _________ has support and hair cells in
cupula
 Dendrites encircle cell
 Directional bending of cristae hair cells:
depolarization and hyperpolarization
 Maculae:



Otoliths:
___________: in direction of kinocilia
causes depolarization
___________: Opposite direction of
kinocilia causes hyperpolarization
Saccule
Supplemental Instruction
1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  294-6624  www.si.iastate.edu
The Eye (Ch. 10, p. 270-283)
Matching. Select the best option for the following statements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
___ Thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens
___ Colored part of the eye
___ Blind spot at the back of the eye
___ Central opening of the eye
___ Innermost layer of the eye, contains rods and cones
___ Clear object in eye that focuses light on the retina
___ Transparent structure at front of eye that allows light waves to enter
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Retina
Cornea
Lens
Ciliary body
Iris
Optic disc
Pupil
Refractive Errors of the Eye
1. Normal eye =
2. Near sighted =
3. Far sighted =
4. Abnormal shape of eye =
5. Vision difficulty due to aging =
Photoreceptive Cells in the Retina
(Rods, Cones) are sensitive to dim light and are suitable for night vision, while (rods, cones) are
activated by bright light for color vision
Rods
 Sum of input from _______ rod(s) into a _________ ganglion cell
 Uses a ____________ pigment
 Photoreceptors are turned on in the (light, dark), which means that _______________ are released!
 Photoreceptors in the (light, dark) are turned off
Cones
 Each cone synapses with a ______ ganglion cell
 Where are cones found in the eye?
 What are the three types of cones?
Supplemental Instruction
1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  294-6624  www.si.iastate.edu