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I.
Role of Carbon in Organisms
a. How many valence electrons does Carbon have?
b. How many electrons does Carbon need in order to become stable?
c. What are (2) features unique to Carbon, as it relates to the formation
of bonds?
d. How likely is it that Carbon will form ionic bonds? Why is this so?
e. What is meant by the term "double covalent bond? "triple covalent
bond?
f. What structures can Carbon form, based on its bonding capacities?
g. What is meant by the term "isomers?"
f What is meant by the term "Carbon compounds vary in size?"
i. What are macromolecutes?
j. What is a polymer?
k.
l.
II.
Describe the process of condensation (pictures will be appropriate).
Why is this reaction important to living things?
Describe the process of hydrolysis (pictures may be appropriate). Why
is this reaction important to living things?
The structu"res of Caibohydrates
a. What is meant by the term "carbo loading?"
b. Define carbohydrate
c. What elements
d.
e.
f.
g.
make up all carbohydrates? What the ratio of these
elements in the compound?
What is a monosaccharide? Examples? Chemical structures?
What is a disaccharide? Examples? Explain precisely how to make
these compounds
What is a polysaccharide? Examples? Pictures/Diagrams?
What is the function of carbohydrates (depending on the
polysaccharide being discussed?)
III.
The structure of lipids
a. What is a liPid?
b. What elements make up a lipid? What are the ratios of the elements?
c. What are some examples of Lipids? What is the difference between
these two examPles?
d. Why won't IiPids dissolve in water?
e. What are the functions of liPids?
f. What is their relationship to cell membranes?
g. Provide examples/pictures of a typical lipid molecule
h. what compound seryes as the backbone for lipid molecules
i. How do the bonds in saturated fats differ from the bonds of
unsaturated fats?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
V.
Define proteins
What are their functions?
What elements make uP Proteins?
Define amino acids. How many amino acids are there? What makes
one amino acid different from another? What do they look like?
How are amino acids linked together? Define peptide bond
What determines the kind of protein you have?
Are hydrogen bonds part of the construction of proteins?
Define enzyme. why are enzymes impoftant to living things?
The structure of Nucleic Acids
Define Nucleic acids
Define nucleotide
what do nucleotides consist ofi what do they look like?
DNA stands for what?
RNA stands for what?
f. What is the function of DNA?
g. What is the function of RNA?
h. what is the difference between these two nucleotides?
produce
i. The book states that "DNA and RNA work together to
proteins." Briefly (but precisely) explain how this occurs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e,
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