Download WHI.8 Byzantine Empire presentation

Era III Unit 8
WHI.8
Byzantine
Empire
(take notes
in red)
Voorhees
Era III Study Guide Reading Activity
Read each SOL strand
2. Highlight essential content
3. Be able to understand what they are
asking you to know
4. Simplify… be able to say it in your own
words…
1.
The student will apply social science
skills to understand the Byzantine
Empire and Eastern Europe from
about 300 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by

a) explaining the influence of geography on
the establishment of Constantinople as the
capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and
describing the Byzantine Empire in time and
place;
Mediterranean
Sea
Era III- Where are the primary
civilizations in the world?
Era III- Where is the primary trade
route?
The Mediterranean Sea connects
Europe with Asia for trade
Trade by water is the best way!

Why?
Zoom in… see Istanbul?
Istanbul- formerly Constantinople!

First strait= Dardanelles
 Second= Bosporous
2
1
Strait of Dardanelles
Bosporus Strait= critical part of
the world’s primary trade route!
Constantinople= #1 city in the east!!
Controlling world trade!
First the Roman Empire
controls the whole area
Then the empire shifts to
the east and
Constantinople
(Byzantine Empire)
In the meantime, the
Muslim empire is growing
and taking over
They will conquer
Byzantine landsEventually even
Constantinople will be
conquered
I Intro;
first there was the Roman Empire
East= Byzantine Empire

Copy this graphic into your notes please:
Western
Roman Empire
Roman Empire
Eastern
Roman Empire
Byzantine
Empire
(create a T-chart)
The Roman Empire split:
western half
 Western Roman
Empire
eastern half
 Byzantine Empire
West





Problem- the
empire was too big!
Issues- economic,
military, moral, and
political
Barbarians attacking
Capital moved east
By 500 AD (CE), the
Western Roman
Empire is dead
East
Capital moved from
Rome (bad for the
west/ good for the
east!)
 Byzantium is
renamed
Constantinople
 The Eastern Roman
Empire lives on as
the Byzantine
Empire

West





Roman Catholic
Pope
Christmas
Clergy= celibate
Icons= ok


Latin language
Pope= control/
power
East
Eastern Orthodox
Patriarch
Easter
Clergy can marry
Icons= issues
(banned at one
point)
 Greek language
 Emperor=
control/power





Constantinople
Capital of the Byzantine Empire!
The Byzantine Empire
after the Roman Empire…
there was the
BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
Eastern Roman Empire=
Byzantine Empire
II Constantinople- 330 AD (CE)
becomes capital of Roman Empire
Constantine
Constantine- 1st Roman
emperor to convert to
Christianity
A. Constantine the Great
Roman emperor (306-337)
 Converted to Christianity
 founded Constantinople during the
Roman Empire

Constantinople
oldest surviving
map of the city

the Palace Constantinople
B. Location of Constantinople
1. better protected
a. farther away from barbarians
b. easily fortified (military defense)
2. crossroads of trade
Adrianus’ Gate
Constantinople
C. Role of Constantinople
seat of the Byzantine Empire until
Ottoman conquest
 preserved classical Greco-Roman culture
(Greco-Roman= Greek and Roman)
 center of trade

Greece culture to Roman Empire to
Byzantine Empire
2
1
3
Now … it is time for a
QUIZ!
1. In your notes- number 1-5
2. keep your eyes on your own paper
3. It will be: 2 places and 3 bodies of water
Quiz yourselfmatch the geographical features:
5
3
1
2
Answer bank:
4
Mediterranean Sea
Bosporus Strait
Black Sea
Rome, Italian Peninsula
Greece, Balkan Peninsula
See how you did:
5
3
1
2
4
Answers:
1. Rome, Italian Peninsula
2. Greece, Balkan Peninsula
3. Black Sea
4. Mediterranean Sea
5. Bosporus Strait
Early Period
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
•Calabria in southern Italy was once the refuge
of Byzantine monks
The student will apply social science
skills to understand the Byzantine
Empire and Eastern Europe from
about 300 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by

b) describing Justinian and his contributions,
including the codification of Roman law, and
the expansion of the Byzantine Empire and
economy;
III. Byzantine Emperor Justinian I
Justinian 527- 565

A) Codification
of Roman law
Justinian I

“Justice is the constant and perpetual wish
to render to everyone his due.”
Justinian
B) Re-conquest of
former Roman
territories
 C) Expansion of
trade

breaking the monopoly on silk

Justinian I sent two monks to China
◦ stole mulberry seeds and silkworm eggs
◦ hid them in their walking staffs
◦ brought them to Byzantium

This ended the Chinese and Persian silk monopolies
Silk Road
550 AD (CE)
Theodora
"purple makes a fine shroud"





The Nika Riots:
Unable to control the mob, Justinian and his
officials prepared to flee
Theodora spoke out against leaving the palace and
underlined the significance of someone who died
as a ruler instead of living as an exile or in hiding
As a result, Justinian ordered his loyal troops led
by two reliable officers, Belisarius and Mundus to
attack the demonstrators in the hippodrome
Historians agree that it was Theodora's courage
and decisiveness that saved Justinian's reign
Belisarius
one of the great
military geniuses of
the ancient world
 defeated a Persian
army which vastly
outnumbered his
own in the year 530

IV Byzantine Empire is
prosperous from trade!
Byzantine Empire experiences:
Migrations
 Raids
 Invasions
 Occupation

Germanic and
Hunnic migrations
and raids
 Sassanian Empire of
Persia
 Lombards (Italy)
 Turkic Avar (Asia
Minor)

Islam- between 634 and 642
Arabs, inspired by a new religion, Islam,
conquered Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia,
and Egypt
 A. Constantinople weathered major
Arab sieges in the 670s and 717-18
 B. Byzantine Asia Minor survived
almost annual Arab raids

Greek fire

first used by the Byzantine
Empire during the
Byzantine-Arab Wars
Basil I
867-866
V. Byzantine achievements in art
and architecture

Inspiration provided by Christian
religion and imperial power
A. Inspired by Orthodox
Christianity and strength
of the emperor
B. Examples= icons, mosaics,
and the Hagia Sophia
religion and imperial power
ST. STEPHEN’S CROWN
helmet-style
crown
 gold and set
with pearls and
other gems
 detailed enamel
work, called
cloissonné

Roman Christianity, evolved
Icons
mosaics
Hagia Sophia
Byzantine architecture
Hagia Sophia
The Bucoleon Palace today
Hagia Irene
Byzantine Culture
Eastern Church Icons
The Byzantine Empire
Church of the Pammakaristos Virgin
St. Irene
Hagia Sophia
Interior Hagia Sophia
The student will apply social science
skills to understand the Byzantine
Empire and Eastern Europe from
about 300 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by

d) explaining the disputes that led to the split
between the Roman Catholic Church and the
Greek Orthodox Church; and
Western churches
Eastern churches
 Division
between Western and
Eastern Churches
Division 1054
West

Roman Catholic
East

Eastern Orthodox
VI The Great Schism 1054 CE
A. Eastern Church; Orthodox
East v. West argument
1.
2.
3.
Constantinople
Greek language
Does not acknowledge power of the pope
division
◦ Authority of
the Patriarch
accepted in the
East
B. Western Church; Catholic
West v. East argument
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rome
Left in the “wild west”
Latin language
Pope is all-powerful
division
◦ Authority of the Pope accepted in the West
Jesus appointing the first pope
popes
Pope John
Paul II
Pope John XXIII
Pope Benedict XVI,
formerly Joseph Cardinal
Ratzinger
division

Practices such as celibacy accepted in the West
The student will apply social science
skills to understand the Byzantine
Empire and Eastern Europe from
about 300 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by

e) analyzing and explaining the influence of
Byzantine culture on Eastern Europe.
VII Byzantine Culture Spread:
A. Trade routes between Black Sea and
Baltic Sea
Russia
Byzantine Culture
B. Influenced Eastern Europe and Russia
St. Basil’s Cathedral
Byzantine Culture
C. Adoption of
Orthodox
Christianity by
Russia and
much of
Eastern Europe
Byzantine Culture
D.
E.
Adoption of Greek
alphabet to the Slavic
languages
St. Cyril created the
Cyrillic alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet world distribution
Latin languages= English, Spanish, etc.
St. Basil’s Cathedral
Russian Orthodox
 well-known
landmark in
Moscow
 commissioned by
Russian tsar Ivan IV
 “Ivan the Terrible”

Russian
history
notes
are
found on
time line
sheet
Byzantine Culture to Russia…
The Byzantine Empire influenced
 they converted all the Slavs
early Russia:
(Early Russians) to Christianity
they took on the Greek alphabet
and converted all the Bibles into
a Slavic tongue – giving them a
language
 Vladimir made the orthodox
Christianity the religion of the
Russians
 Russians adapted aspects of the
Byzantine culture such as art,
music, architecture
 (an example of this is Byzantine
domes started to take on an
onion shape which is typical in
Russian churches)

Kiev is situated on hilly terrain overlooking the
Dnieper River in northern Ukraine.
 Since medieval times, Kiev has developed as an
important commercial, religious, and cultural center.

Kiev
Arbat Street is a narrow 19th-century pedestrian
avenue in Moscow, Russia.
 It has long been a meeting place for artists and
writers

Great Kremlin Palace
Moscow’s Red Square at Night
State Hermitage Museum (Catherine
the Great’s Collection)
Rostov Kremlin
Monastery
Town
What religion?
 Christianity?
 YES- specifically…
 Eastern Orthodox
 Russian culture comes
from where?
 Byzantine Empire

Russian Imperial Summer Home
Siberian Village of Khatanga
Europe
Mediterranean Sea
Alaska
RUSSIA
SIBERIA
Byzantine Culture moves to Russia!
Decline and Fall
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
VII Byzantine Empire- Decline and Fall

A. First Crusade 1096- 99
◦ Islam occupies Jerusalem
◦ Emperor Alexius I, even though the big schism
occurred, appealed to the pope for aid against
the Turks
◦ Western Europe responded with the First
Crusade
◦ At first this was good for the Byzantine Empire
◦ BUT… Italian merchant cities won special
trading privileges in Byzantine territory and
gained control of much of the empire's
commerce and wealth
political and military power waned
B. Crusaders plunder Constantinople
 Byzantine resistance
 C. Ottoman Turks conquer remnants of
Byzantine Empire
 Ottoman Turks conquered the Balkans
 D. Finally- Ottoman Turks conquered
Constantinople

1350 AD (CE)
Mohammed II- “the Conqueror”
E. OTTOMAN
CONQUEST 1453
CE
 F. The Byzantine
Empire is dead

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgc3F1XZTAw
Medieval Times
Western Roman
Empire=> Medieval
Europe
Eastern Roman
Empire=> Byzantine
Empire
Ready? Number 1- 10 in your notes
TIME FOR A PRACTICE
QUIZ!
Which of the following does
not reflect achievements of
Emperor Justinian?
A
B
C
D

Codification of laws
Trade expansion
Creation of Cyrillic alphabet
Reuniting former Roman territories
What language was used by the
Byzantine Church?
A
B
C
D

Latin
Roman
Greek
Cyrillic
The Byzantine Empire
developed
A
B
C
D

after the fall of Rome.
after the fall of Greece.
during the rise of Russia.
during the rise of England.
What civilization called itself
the Third Rome?
A
B
C
D

England
Russia
The Vatican
France
All of the following are
characteristics of the Western
Church except:




A it was centered in Constantinople.
B Latin was the dominant language.
C the Church had tremendous political
power.
D emperors accepted the authority of the
Pope.
Which of the following
represents the best description
for the word patriarch from 300
B.C. (B.C.E.) to 100 A.D. (C.E.)?
A The head of a Seljuk Mosque
 B A general opposed to influence of Islam
on Christianity
 C The head of the Russian government
 D The head of the Byzantine Church

Christianity in Western
Europe can best be classified
as
A
B
C
D

Greek Orthodox.
Russian Christian.
Roman Catholic.
Byzantine Christian.
Which was not a disagreement
over Christianity between
Eastern and Western Europe?
A
B
C
D

The authority of Pope
Language
Practice of celibacy
The Bible as the basis of faith
The faith adopted by Prince
Vladimir of Russia was
A
B
C
D

Christianity.
Islam.
Judaism.
Buddhism.
What did Byzantine monks
create to help newly
converted Russians?
A
B
C
D

Inexpensive Bibles
The Cyrillic alphabet
Mosques
Hymnals
Okay…
LET’S SEE HOW YOU
DID!
Which of the following does
not reflect achievements of
Emperor Justinian?
A
B
C
D

Codification of laws
Trade expansion
Creation of Cyrillic alphabet
Reuniting former Roman territories
What language was used by the
Byzantine Church?
A
B
C
D

Latin
Roman
Greek
Cyrillic
The Byzantine Empire
developed
A
B
C
D

after the fall of Rome.
after the fall of Greece.
during the rise of Russia.
during the rise of England.
What civilization called itself
the Third Rome?
A
B
C
D

England
Russia
The Vatican
France
All of the following are
characteristics of the Western
Church except:




A it was centered in Constantinople.
B Latin was the dominant language.
C the Church had tremendous political power.
D emperors accepted the authority of the
Pope.
Which of the following
represents the best description
for the word patriarch from 300
B.C. (B.C.E.) to 100 A.D. (C.E.)?
A The head of a Seljuk Mosque
 B A general opposed to influence of Islam
on Christianity
 C The head of the Russian government
 D The head of the Byzantine Church

Christianity in Western Europe
can best be classified as
A
B
C
D

Greek Orthodox.
Russian Christian.
Roman Catholic.
Byzantine Christian.
Which was not a disagreement
over Christianity between
Eastern and Western Europe?
A
B
C
D

The authority of Pope
Language
Practice of celibacy
The Bible as the basis of faith
The faith adopted by Prince
Vladimir of Russia was
A
B
C
D

Christianity.
Islam.
Judaism.
Buddhism.
What did Byzantine monks
create to help newly
converted Russians?
A
B
C
D

Inexpensive Bibles
The Cyrillic alphabet
Mosques
Hymnals
the end