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Study Guide – Unit 5: Diversity of Life
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Classification
History of Life on Earth
Evolution
Viruses
Vocabulary:
archaea, bacteria, cladogram, gametophyte, hierarchy, taxonomy, bilateral
symmetry, episodic speciation, allopatric speciation, bottleneck effect,
coevolution, comparative morphology, founder effect, genetic drift, hardyweinberg equation, macroevolution, microevolution, parapatric speciation,
sympatric speciation, antigen, capsid, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle
1. A virus that infects Bacteria is called a ___________________.
10. What do fungi have in common with animals?
a. They are autotrophs.
b. They are heterotrophs.
c. They have cell walls.
d. They use spores to reproduce.
2. The organism that a parasite or virus lives in or on: __________.
3. A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a
cell: _____________.
4. One reason that viruses are considered to be nonliving is that they
are not made of protein.
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5. A virus’s proteins are important because they
a. contain genetic material. c. provide energy for the virus
b. make new virus particles. d. help the virus attach to its host
6. How does a vaccine work?
a. It activates the body’s natural defenses.
b. It weakens the cell walls of bacteria, causing the cells to burst.
c. It treats the symptoms of an infection.
d. It attacks antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
7. Viruses are considered to be nonliving because they
a. cannot multiply.
b. use energy to grow.
c. are smaller than bacteria.
d. do not show all the characteristics of life.
8. A space probe finds no signs of life on another planet. Is it likely
that there are viruses on that planet? Explain your reasoning.
11. Fungi that decompose dead organisms
a. can cause serious disease in plants.
b. live in symbiosis with other organisms.
c. return important nutrients to the soil.
d. are often called pioneer organisms.
12. List four growth factors that provide the best environment for
bacterial growth.
13. What is nitrogen fixation? Why is this so important?
14. A group of organisms at any particular level in a classification
system is called a ____________.
15. When writing species epithets, it is sometimes permissible to
abbreviate the _______________ name.
16. A related group of genera comprise
a. an order b. a family c. a class d. a phylum
17. Prokaryotic organisms make up the
a. Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Protists
b. Archaebacteria and Protists
c. Protists and Eubacteria
d. Protists
e. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
18. In the current taxonomic system, families are grouped into
__________.
19. In printed scientific names, only the _______________ is
capitalized.
9. Arrange the steps shown in the diagram in their proper sequence.
Describe what is happening in part B of the diagram.
20. Characteristics that have arisen as a result of common
evolutionary descent are said to be
a. analogous b. homogenous c. heterogamous
d. homologous d. contiguous
21. The binomial system of classification was developed by:
22. Which one of the following sequences shows the correct hierarchy
of classification, going from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?
a. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species
b. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
c. Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family
d. Species, Genus, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Kingdom
e. Domain, Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Species, Family, Order, Class
34. Darwin recognized _____________, the differences between
individual members of species. He suggested that through the process
of ___________________, individuals tend to pass on
________________ to future generations.
35. The book in which Darwin first outlined his theory of evolution was
titled:
36. Advances in which field were instrumental in making Darwin's
theory of evolution widely accepted?
23. Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment
is called a(n):
24. The strongest evidence for change over a long period of time
comes from:
a. DNA b. fossils c. embryo studies
d. direct observation of living species
25. The dog breeds we have today were developed through:
a. natural selection b. artificial selection (selective breeding)
c. sexual selection d. acquired selection
26. The finches on the Galapagos island were similar in form except for
variations of their beaks. Darwin observed that these variations were
useful for:
a. attracting a mate b. defending territory c. building nests
d. gathering food
27. The example of the peppered moths living near English industrial
cities demonstrates that:
37. A population of giraffes lives in an area where the only food grows
on high tree branches. Over many generations, these giraffes develop
long necks to reach the branches. This is an example of what kind of
selection?
38. A population of snails lives near a large factory. Close to the
factory, the ground and air are several degrees warmer due to hot air
exhausted from the building. Because of this, snails that live near the
building breed in early May while those farther away from the building
do not breed until June. What type of speciation is this?
39. A species is defined as:
40. A population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium experiences
________________ in phenotypic or allelic frequencies between
generations.
41. The earliest cellular life forms appear to have been:
a. viruses b. one-celled plants
c. one-celled animals
d. bacteria
28. The occurrence of large or small beak sizes among seed crackers
in the absence of medium-sized beaks is an example of
a. directional selection
c. disruptive selection
b. stabilizing selection
d. none of the above
42. The early earth was a harsh environment and present day
organisms that could possibly have survived that type of
environment are:
29. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term 2pq represents the
frequency of the _______________________.
43. A dichotomous key is used to:
30. A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population
of oak trees and discovers that the most common circumference is 2
cm. What would you expect the most common circumference(s) to be
after 10 generations of stabilizing selection?
44. Taxonomy is best described as:
31. Refer to question 30, but this time answer what you would expect
after 10 generations of directional selection.
45. Animals with backbones are part of the group Chordata.
Chordata is an example of a _______________.
32. Refer to question 16, but this time answer what you would expect
after 10 generations of directional selection.
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33. The fact that the majority of human newborns weigh around 7
pounds is reflective of ________________ selection.
Suggestions:
•
Begin studying well in advance! Study in small amounts each night. Do this study guide early!
•
Try to explain concepts to someone else. Write out everything you know on paper.
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Complete the review questions in the Techbook. Read the unit again!
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Review labs & ask for help if needed!
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Watch the relevant videos for the unit on my YouTube Channel – Biology playlist.
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Study vocab cards! Be able to apply the information.