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Section 1 Review
SECTION VOCABULARY
rcontinental drift
the hypothesis that a single
large landmass broke up into smaller land­
masses to form the continents, which then
drifted ta their present locations
midNocean ridge a long, undersea mountain
chain that has a steep. narrow vaHey at its
center, that forms as magma rises from the
asthenosphere, and that creates new oceanic
lithosphere (sea floor) as tectonic plates move
apart
.
paleomagnetism the study of the alignment of
magnetic minerals in rockt specifically as itre- .
lates to the reversal of Earth's magnetic poles;
also the magnetic properties that rock acquires
during formation
sea-floor spreading the process by which new
oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms when
magma rises to Earth's surface at mid-ocean
ridges and solidifies, as older, existing sea floor
moves away from the ridge
1. Explain How does sea-floor spreading support the hypothesis of continental chift?
2. Infer Scientists once thought that all of the ocean floor was very old. Did they
probably expect to find very thick sediment or very thin sediment on the ocean
noor? Explain your answer.
3. Describe In which direction would the red end of a compass needle point during
a magnetic reversal?
4. Explain How do fossils support the continental drift hypothesis?
5. Describe Vvllat did scientists observe when they studied the magnetic fields of
rocks on the sides of mid-ocean ridges?
Holt McDougal Earth Science Tectonics
Cla.')s
Section 2 Review
Date
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CH/O SECTION VOCABULARY asthenosphere the solid, plastic layer of the
mantle beneath the lithosphere
convergent boundary the boundary between
tectonic plates that are colliding
divergent boundary the boundary. between
tectonic plates that are moving away from
each other
I
lithosphere the solid, outer layer of Earth that
consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of
fuema~e
.
"
plate tectonics the theory that explains how
large pieces of the lithosphere, called plates,
move and change shape
transform boundary the boundary between
tectonic plates that are sliding past each other
horizontally
i
T. Compare Complete the Venn diagram to compare the three tYl)es of plate
boundaries.
Transform
boundaries
Divergent
boundaries
2. Describe Relationships How are subduction and sea-floor spreading related to
ridge push and slab pull?
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Holt McDougal Earth Science
154
plate Tectonics
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Section 3 Review
SECTION VOCABULARY
Pangaea the supercontinent that formed
supercontinent cycle the process by which
300 million years ago and that began to break
up 200 million years ago
Panthalassa the single, large ocean that
supercontinents form and break apart over
millions of years
terrane a piece of lithosphere that has a unique
geologic history and that may be part of a
larger piece of lithosphere, such as a continent
covered Earth's surface during the time the
supercontinent Pangaea existed
rifting the process by which Earth's crust breaks
apart; can occur within continental crust Of
oceanic crust
1. Compare
Describe the difference between Pangaea and Panthalassa.
2. Describe The continents that existed before Pangaea formed were much smaller
than the continents today. Describe how the continents have grown larger.
3. Explain
How can the movements of the continents affect Earth's climate?
4. Infer The
oldest rocks on Earth are found on the continents. Are these rocks
most likely found in the centers of continents or at their edges? Explain your
answer.
5. Describe Relationships Describe how convergent and divergent boundaries are
related to the supercontinent cycle.
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Holt McDougal Earth Science
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160 plate Tectonics