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BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW
Part 1 – The Nature of Science
What you Need to Know...
• You will be asked to evaluate scenarios using evidence of scientific
thinking or problem solving
• Test Items may require interpretation of data from graphs, charts
and/or tables.
• You may also be asked to compare and/or contrast the structure of
various microscopes including compound, dissecting, scanning
electron and transmission electron.
• You need to know the difference between theories and laws and be
able to explain how a theory is developed.
Question 1:
Which of the following conclusions
can be drawn from this graph?
A. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible
for global temperature change.
B. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at about the
same rate for the past century.
C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over
the past century.
D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at an
increasingly higher rate as the past century has progressed.
Question 2:
Which statement below correctly identifies the difference
between laws and theories?
A. Laws describe phenomena, while theories explain why phenomena
exist.
B. Laws are a statement of fact, while theories are a statement of
opinion.
C. Laws explain why phenomena exist, while theories explain how.
D. Laws are a prediction of phenomena, while theories are an
explanation.
Question 3:
Place the following steps of the scientific method in the
CORRECT order.
Design Experiment
Share Results
Draw conclusions
Observe and Question
Collect & Analyze data
Infer and Generate hypothesis
Question 4:
Orchids were studied to determine if the amount of
humidity affected the flowering of these plants.
Remember DRY MIX.
What is the Independent Variable?
What is the Dependent Variable?
Question 5:
Quantitative data are ________________ where as Qualitative
data are ______________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Numeric; physical qualities
Physical qualities, numeric
Both A & B
Neither A or B
Part 2 – Molecular Biology
What You Need to Know...
• You need to know the specific properties of water that contribute to
Earth's suitability as an environment for life
• The basic molecular structure and primary functions of
macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids).
• The role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of
biochemical reactions.
• You need to know how factors such as pH and temperature affect
enzyme activity.
Question 1:
Part 3 – Cells & Cell Theory
What You Need to Know...
• You need to know the cell theory and how continuous investigations
and/or new scientific information influenced the development of cell
theory.
• You need to know the general structures of plant and animal cells and
how plant and animal cells are alike and different.
• You need to know the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells and how they are alike and different.
• You need to know how the structure relates to the function for the
components of plant or animals cells.
• You need to understand the role of the cell membrane as a highly selective
barrier that carries out passive and active transport.
Question 1:
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is
found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. lysosome
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D. ribosome
Question 2:
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular
processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules
across the cell membrane against the concentration
gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
A. passive transport by diffusion
B. active transport using ATP
C. passive transport by osmosis
D. phagocytosis
Question 3:
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary
function?
A. ribosome - protein synthesis
B. mitochondrion - movement
C. vacuole - cell division
D. nucleus - storage of nutrients
Question 4:
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water,
and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?
A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in
the gums.
C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration
gradient.
D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high
concentration of salt in the solution.
Question 5:
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water,
oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other
substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is
called
A. perforated
B. semi-permeable
C. non-conductive
D. permeable
Question 6:
The organelles responsible for breaking down waste inside
cells is called the
A. lysosome
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D. ribosome
Part 4 – DNA & RNA
What You Need to Know...
• The structure of DNA & RNA
• The basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission
and conservation of genetic information.
• Mutations in the DNA sequence may or may not result in phenotypic
change and how mutations in gametes may result in phenotypic changes in
offspring.
• The basic processes of transcription and translation and how they result in
gene expression. You will also need to know that the basic processes of
DNA are universal in organisms.
• You need to know that similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are
due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance.
Question 1:
Name the four nucleotides found in a DNA
molecule:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Question 2:
Using the code on a strand of DNA as a template
to create is strand of mRNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Deletion
D. Transcription
Question 3:
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis
and what is it called:
A. Golgi Apparatus; Translation
B. Golgi Apparatus; transcription
C. Ribosome; translation
D. Ribosome; Transcription
Question 4:
What molecule is this and what is this process
called?
STATION 2 – The Cell Theory
What You Need to Know...
• You need to know the cell theory and how continuous investigations
and/or new scientific information influenced the development of cell
theory.
• You need to know how scientific claims are evaluated through
scientific argumentation, critical and logical thinking and
consideration of alternative explanations, in the context of cell theory.
• You need to know the difference between theories and laws and be
able to explain how a theory is developed.