Download Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Section: Characteristics of Living Things
Key Words: cell, living, single-celled,
celled, multi
multi-cellular, organism, homeostasis
Essential Questions:
•
•
What do all living things have in common?
Why haven't scientists catalogued all living things?
Two branches of living things
-
By type of cell
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
•cells
cells with no nucleus around their DNA
•typically
typically single
single-celled organisms
•no
no membrane bound organelles
•ex.
ex. Kingdom Monera
•cells
cells with a distinct nucleus that encases their DNA
•can
can be single
single-celled organisms or multi-celled
•contain
contain membrane bound organelles
•in
in multi
multi-celled, cells work together to perform a
specialized function (tissues)
•ex.
ex. Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Similarities among living things
composed of
cells
grow
acquire and
use energy
reproduce
reacts to
environment
Require Energy
-
-
Cell functions require energy
§ Respiration
§ Growth
§ Reproduction
Energy use and production
§ Cellular respiration
§ C6H12O6 + O2 à CO2 + H2O + energy
§ Sugar (glucose) + oxygen yields carbon dioxide + water vapor + energy
§ Energy is stored in the bonds of the sugar molecule
§ When the sugar molecule is broken, energy is released and able to be utilized by the cell
§ ATP
§ Adenosine Triphosphate
§ The form that the energy takes in the cell to be used
§ Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
§ Tissues that require a lot of energy have cells with a lot of mitochondria
§ Photosynthesis
§ CO2 + H2O + sun’s energy à C6H12O6 + O2
§ Carbon dioxide + water and the sun’s energy yields sugar (glucose) and oxygen
§ Builds energy to store into the sugar molecule created
§ Chemosynthesis
§ CO2 + 4H2S + O2 à CH20 + 4S + 3H2O
§ Typically thermal bacteria
§ Uses hydrogen sulfides instead of sunlight to produce sugar molecules
§ Occurs in organisms in deep places of the ocean
§ Hydrothermal vents
§ Sulfur output is great
§ No sunlight reaches these depths
Classification
-
-
Reform?
§ Scientist argue if there is need for hierarchy reform
§ Classification by cell type then further (cell type, then kingdoms)
2 million of possibly 10 million + species on planet identified