Download Study Guide – Unit 3: Cells

Study Guide – Unit 3: Cells
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Cell Structure & Function
Cell Transport
Cell Division
Asexual & Sexual Reproduction
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Vocabulary:
cell membrane, cellulose, cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cell, ion channel, ion pump,
mitochondria, phospholipid bilayer (phospholipid membrane), prokaryotic
cell, endocytosis, exocytosis, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, binary fission,
diploid cell, haploid cell, fermentation, ADP, autotroph, calvin cycle,
chlorophyll, chloroplast, stroma, thylakoids
1. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ______
concentration to an area of _______ concentration.
2. In __________, water molecules diffuse through a
selectively permeable membrane.
3. Moving materials through a cell membrane without using
energy is called ____________ transport.
4. The green pigment in chloroplasts, called ___________,
absorbs light energy from the sun.
5. T F
Besides the energy in sunlight, plant cells
need water and carbon dioxide to make sugar.
6. What are the two products of photosynthesis?
7. What is the chemical equation for the process of
photosynthesis?
8. T F
Respiration that takes place inside of cells is
the same as breathing air in and out of the lungs.
9. What are the reactants of respiration?
10. The Kreb’s Cycle and ETC take place in the
____________ of the cell.
11. T F
Anaerobic fermentation releases more energy
than aerobic respiration.
12. What are two types of fermentation?
13. Sodium is being pumped out of a nerve cell from an area
where there are 19 units of sodium to an area where there
are 155 units of sodium across a membrane. This is an
example of _______ transport.
14. What stage of the cell cycle usually lasts the longest?
15. One product of fermentation in yeast cells is
a. alcohol
b. lactic acid
c. oxygen
d. glucose
16. Each identical strand in a chromosome is called a(n)
_______________.
17. What three statements describe the cell theory?
18. What is the main characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotes
from prokaryotes?
19. Name two structures that all cells have.
20. What kind of information do chromosomes hold?
21. What are microtubules and microfilaments?
22. What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER?
23. What are the functions of: the ER:
the Golgi apparatus:
chloroplasts:
mitochondria:
lysosomes:
24. How does active transport differ from diffusion?
25. List the levels of biological organization from most simple to
most complex.
26. In many cells, the structure that controls the cell’s activities
is the ____________.
27. Cell membranes are constructed mainly of
a. lipid bilayers b. protein pumps c. carbohydrate gates
28. Would you expect skin cells to contain more or fewer
mitochondria than muscle cells? Explain.
29. How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
46. The process of cell division results in two ___________
cells.
47. Pairs of identical chromatids are attached to each other at
an area called the _________________.
48. If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will
each of its daughter cells have after mitosis?
30. How do autotrophs obtain energy? Heterotrophs?
31. What are the main products of the Calvin cycle?
32. Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of
photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin cycle?
49. At the beginning of cell division, a chromosome consists of
two _______________.
50. Describe (or draw) the structure of the nucleus using the
words: nucleolus, nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, chromatin,
DNA.
33. Photosynthesis occurs in the _____________ of a cell,
which contains stacks of _____________, together called
_____________ in fluid called ____________.
34. The light-dependent reactions take place in the
_____________. The Calvin cycle takes place in the
_______________.
35. What are the products of glycolysis?
36. How many molecules of ATP are produced in the entire
breakdown of glucose?
37. The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in the cell is
known as _______________.
38. The net gain of energy from glycolysis is __ ATP molecules.
39. Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen,
it is said to be ____________.
40. The Kreb’s cycle takes place within the _____________.
41. What is the function of the spindle?
42. Describe what happens during each of the four phases of
mitosis.
43. Describe what happens during interphase.
51. What does the nucleolus make? What do ribosomes makes?
52. What is the difference between cilia and flagella?
53. What is the difference between ion channels and ion pumps?
54. ____________ is a form of transport that brings large
substances into a cell (membrane contracts, folds around a
particle outside the cell, forming a pocket). _____________
is used to move substances out of a cell, via a sac, or vesicle,
that engulfs the substance.
55. Normal human cells contain ___ individual, or ___ pairs, of
linear chromosomes.
56. Mitosis produces cells ____________ to the parent cells,
which are ___________ (2N). Meiosis produces cells
genetically _____________ from the parent cells which are
__________ (1N). Mitosis produces ____ (#) cells, whereas
meiosis produces ____ (#) cells. Mitosis produces ____
(type) cells, whereas meiosis produces _____ (type) cells.
57. Compare and contrast sexual vs. asexual reproduction.
58. What happens during Prophase I of meiosis I?
44. How do prokaryotic cells divide?
45. How is cytokinesis different in plant cells vs. animal cells?
Suggestions:
•
Begin studying well in advance! Study in small amounts each night. Do this study guide early!
•
Try to explain concepts to someone else. Write out everything you know on paper.
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Complete the review questions in the Techbook.
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Read the unit again!
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Review labs & ask for help if needed!
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Watch the relevant videos for the unit on my website under “Flipped Classroom”
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Study vocab cards early. Be able to apply the information!