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Download Innate Behavior: Fixed Action Pattern
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Ethology The study of animal behavior Innate Behavior: genetically programmed behavior that does not depend upon experience. Examples: nest building, baby nursing, spider spinning web. Octopus Cammo Babies going through tunnels Babies sweet and bitter Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)— complex behavior: once triggered, is carried to completion. Egg Rolling Gull Feeding Fixed Action Pattern: feeding young A releaser or sign stimulus: environmental cue that triggers a FAP Tinbergen’s Experiment Sign Stimulus “Super Normal” Sign Stimulus A cowbird nest parasite displays a super normal stimulus. Fixed Action Pattern: Eyebrow Raising Learned Behavior A behavior that can be modified with experience Habituation: a type of learned behavior in which the animal learns to ignore an irrelevant stimulus Imprinting: Learning that is limited to a certain time period (critical period) and that is irreversible. Duck and dog imprinting Classical Conditioning Type of learning in which a conditioned stimulus (bell) is paired with a natural stimulus (smell of meat) and the individual learns to associates the two. Eventually, the natural response (drooling) will occur in reaction to the conditioned stimulus. “Pavlov’s Dog” (Example) Operant Conditioning Type of learning in which an animal associates its behavior with a reward or punishment. Trial-and-error learning (B.F. Skinner) Observational Learning Alex the African Grey Parrot: Observational Learning Alex the talking parrot Insight learning Ability to analyze a problem and create a novel solution. (Smart crows ) Dominance Heirarchy Ranking of individuals within a group Territoriality Behavior in which animals defend a resource. Courtship “Fathers” of Ethology • Konrad Lorenz • Karl Von Frisch • Niko Tinbergen Shared Nobel Prize in 1973 Konrad Lorenz (Austrian) Studied imprinting, aggression, etc. Karl Von Frisch (Austrian) Figured out the language of bees. Honeybee Communication Niko Tinbergen (Dutch/British) Studied instinct/sign stimuli in gulls and sticklebacks.
